{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:40:12Z","timestamp":1727743212229},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"AACN Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Burn mass casualty incidents can overwhelm local resources, challenging effective communication, triage, and provision of care. International responders can help by providing education and direct patient care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Local Problem<\/jats:title>\n On November 5, 2021, a fuel tanker truck exploded in Freetown, Sierra Leone, killing or injuring hundreds of people. The needs of the severely burned survivors overwhelmed local resources, requiring an international response. Burn specialist teams from several countries, including the United States, were deployed to provide assistance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Members of the US burn care team educated local health care practitioners about wound care, physical therapy, and fluid and pain management. Educational content was delivered through lecture and discussion, case studies, clinical application, and bedside teaching. Demonstration of cultural competence and humility, as well as attentiveness to nuances of local communication, helped avoid ethnocentrism and other barriers to collaboration. Public congratulations and formal completion certificates were used to provide meaningful recognition of successful class participation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Before the lecture and discussion intervention, 57 students participating in a pretest assessment had an average score of 53.9% (high, 80%; low, 27.5%). After the intervention, 38 students participating in a posttest assessment had an average score of 79.3% (high, 95%; low, 55%), and local health care providers delivered care with more attention to patient comfort and shared new knowledge with colleagues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Providing optimal burn care and education under austere conditions requires cultural humility and a spirit of inquiry. Attentiveness to communication and cultural nuances promotes collaboration, improves educational effectiveness, and builds local burn care capacity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2024991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:02:42Z","timestamp":1727740962000},"page":"58-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["International Burn Disaster Nursing: Care, Commitment, Compassion, and Cost"],"prefix":"10.4037","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Gideon","family":"Agyenim-Boateng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gideon Agyenim-Boateng is a staff nurse in the burn intensive care unit at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a member of a team deployed to Sierra Leone in November 2021 to assist local health care providers with management of a burn mass casualty event."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Ridkodim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natalia Ridkodim is a lung transplant nurse coordinator at Temple University Hospital. She was a member of a team deployed to Sierra Leone in November 2021 to assist local health care providers with management of a burn mass casualty event."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Leitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Leitch is a pain management nurse at Temple University Hospital. She was a member of a team deployed to Sierra Leone in November 2021 to assist local health care providers with management of a burn mass casualty event."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Hafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kati Hafer is a wound care nurse at Saint Mary\u2019s Medical Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania. She was a member of a team deployed to Sierra Leone in November 2021 to assist local health care providers with management of a burn mass casualty event."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nina Ng is Executive Director and CEO of Help Me Live USA, New York, New York. At the time of the Sierra Leone deployment, she was Director of Engagement and Partnerships at Global Response Medicine, formerly Global Response Management. Marco Island, Florida."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Arbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard Arbour is a trauma clinical nurse specialist at Temple University Hospital. He was a member of a team deployed to Sierra Leone in November 2021 to assist local health care providers with management of a burn mass casualty event."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2471","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024100100023690700_b1-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.11.009","article-title":"Improving mass casualty planning in low resource settings: M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8rs and International Committee of the Red Cross perspective","volume":"128","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100100023690700_b2-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2017.02.007","article-title":"Burn care in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"44","author":"Charles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024100100023690700_b3-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2020.02.011","article-title":"Efforts to catalogue non-governmental organizations with a role in global burn relief","volume":"46","author":"Fabia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100100023690700_b4-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2023.01.014","article-title":"Burn care in low-resource and austere settings","volume":"103","author":"Stewart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024100100023690700_b5-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e427","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000304","article-title":"Guidelines for burn care under austere conditions: introduction to burn disaster, airway and ventilator management, and fluid resuscitation","volume":"37","author":"Kearns","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100100023690700_b6-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2023.02.002","article-title":"The first 24 hours: burn shock resuscitation and early complications","volume":"103","author":"Tejiram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024100100023690700_b7-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2016.06.010","article-title":"Burn resuscitation in the austere environment","volume":"32","author":"Peck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024100100023690700_b8-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2020.07.001","article-title":"Recommendations for burns care in mass casualty incidents: WHO Emergency Medical Teams Technical Working Group on Burns (WHO TWGB) 2017\u20132020","volume":"47","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2024100100023690700_b9-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.105001","article-title":"A valid and reliable scale to assess cultural sensibility in nursing","volume":"106","author":"Belintxon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024100100023690700_b10-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13890","DOI":"10.3390\/su132413890","article-title":"Reflecting on the past to shape the future: a systematic review on cross-cultural collaborative learning from 2011 to 2020","volume":"13","author":"Gyasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2024100100023690700_b11-0440058","unstructured":"World Health Organization: African Region\n . WHO\u2019s response to the 5 November 2021 fuel tanker explosion in Freetown. Accessed January 3, 2024. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/node\/18137"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024100100023690700_b12-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irac144","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of propofol- and ketamine-based procedural sedation regimen in pediatric patients during burn repetitive dressing change: 10 years single center experience","volume":"44","author":"Yabrodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2024100100023690700_b13-0440058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.70730","article-title":"Rehabilitation of the burn patient","volume":"43","author":"Procter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2024100100023690700_b14-0440058","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency\n . CIA World Fact Book: Sierra Leone. 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