{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1775064251576,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Korean Society of Nursing Science","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hallym University Research Fund","award":["HRF-202203-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRF-202203-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jkan.or.kr"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Korean Acad Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study investigated the factors influencing smartphone overdependence in university students using an ecological model and descriptive research.Methods: Data were collected from 482 students at 13 universities in the six regions in South Korea from October 20, 2020, to March 25, 2021. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and hierarchical multiple regression.Results: The significant ecological factors influencing smartphone overdependence included self-awareness of smartphone overdependence (\u03b2=.33, p&lt;.001), autonomy (\u03b2=\u2013.25, p&lt;.001), average daily smartphone usage time (\u03b2=.18, p&lt;.001), gender (\u03b2=.15, p=.001), college year (\u03b2=.15, p=.020), forming relationships with others as a motivation for smartphone use (\u03b2=\u2013.15, p=.008), friend support (\u03b2=.14, p=.006), and age (\u03b2=\u2013.12, p=.047). The model explained 34.9% of the variance.Conclusion: The study emphasized the role of personal and interpersonal factors, in smartphone overdependence among university students. Tailored intervention strategies are necessary to address smartphone overdependence, considering the unique characteristics of students\u2019 environments. A significant aspect of this study is that it provides an explanation of the multidimensional factors contributing to smartphone overdependence among university students, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental influences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.24092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T06:56:12Z","timestamp":1740034572000},"page":"64-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4040\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors influencing smartphone overdependence in university students: an ecological model: a descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.4040","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1357-4260","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeong Soon","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1496-9133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myung Soon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2474","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031034"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00826-w"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.12.039"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2017.07.002"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.12.045"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2021.34.1.72"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-01-2017-0019"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.02.037"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.01.012"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139337"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"The 2015 survey on internet overdependence [Internet]","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23147\/ADDICTPSY.PUB.2.2.15"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"The 2023 survey on smart phone overdependence [Internet]","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12934\/jkpmhn.2019.28.1.26"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.080"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1289"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000370"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15268\/ksim.2021.9.2.183"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.015"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00175"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06104"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2020.50.1.116"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.032"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675244"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5932\/JKPHN.2017.31.3.540"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"The 2012 survey on internet addiction [Internet]","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15820\/khjss.2014.40.3.003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1970.tb00709.x"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21193\/kjspp.2008.22.4.010"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"The effects of social supports on psychosocial well-being of the unemployed. Korean J Soc Welf [Internet]","author":"Shin","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Physical activity of college students based on ecological model [master\u2019s thesis]","author":"Heo","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2006.05.008"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Network System. Understanding the national environment: cities in Korea [Internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Current status of COVID-19 domestic outbreaks in Korea (as of October 1, 2020) (No. 17337) [Internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"COVID-19 outbreak and vaccination status in Korea (as of March 25, 2021) (No. 18192) [Internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030475"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22582\/am.v11i1.31"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15709\/hswr.2017.37.1.34"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17315\/KJHP.2016.21.2.004"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1998.1664"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105875"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12140"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9728\/dcs.2020.21.11.1957"}],"container-title":["Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jkan.or.kr\/upload\/pdf\/jkan-24092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jkan.or.kr\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4040\/jkan.24092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jkan.or.kr\/upload\/pdf\/jkan-24092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T06:19:10Z","timestamp":1744006750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jkan.or.kr\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4040\/jkan.24092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4040\/jkan.24092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2093-758X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2093-758X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}