{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T07:15:13Z","timestamp":1788160513704,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Korean Society of Nursing Science","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seoul Tobacco Control Center Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jkan.or.kr"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Korean Acad Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether placing anti-smoking campaign messages in designated smoking areas elicits psychological reactance among female smokers and to assess whether message framing (controlling vs. non-controlling) moderates the association between psychological reactance and intention to quit smoking.Methods: A quasi-experimental survey was conducted with 259 female smokers. Of these, 58 participants completed the survey before exposure to smoking-cessation messages, and 201 completed the survey after exposure. Among the exposed participants, 100 were assigned to the controlling condition and 101 to the non-controlling condition. Measures included psychological reactance, intention to quit smoking, trait reactance, smoking disclosure, and smoking-related covariates. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Hayes\u2019 PROCESS Model 1, with statistical significance set at p&lt;.05.Results: Smokers exposed to anti-smoking messages within designated smoking areas reported higher psychological reactance (mean\u00b1standard deviation: 2.10\u00b10.94) than those not exposed (1.81\u00b10.77), with a significant between-group difference (p=.017). Simple slope analysis revealed that psychological reactance was negatively associated with quit intention under controlling messages (B=\u20130.20, p=.031), but not under non-controlling messages (B=\u20130.05, p=.591).Conclusion: Exposure to anti-smoking messages within designated smoking areas was associated with increased psychological reactance toward smoking cessation. In contrast, autonomy-supportive, non-controlling messages attenuated this effect. These findings suggest that smoking areas may serve as strategic behavioral intervention points when campaigns employ context-sensitive, autonomy-supportive message framing.This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of the Republic of Korea (KCT0012514) on 27 August 2026.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.25177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:27:05Z","timestamp":1786325225000},"page":"294-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4040\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological reactance to anti-smoking campaigns in designated smoking areas among female smokers in their 20s and 30s: a quasi-experimental study"],"prefix":"10.4040","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7111-8583","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyeonji","family":"Mun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6016-8759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soontae","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6246-9942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyekyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2474","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Domestic smoking rate rises, led by e-cigarettes and women: E-cigarette use increases by 3% p. 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