{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:53:20Z","timestamp":1781664800465,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Norwegian Medical Association","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tidsskr Nor Legeforen","Tidsskriftet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]},"DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.10.1184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T09:54:30Z","timestamp":1316771670000},"page":"1772-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Behandling av postoperativ smerte i sykehus"],"prefix":"10.4045","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Olav Magnus S.","family":"Fredheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"C. Borchgrevink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnvald","family":"Kvarstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2479","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu SS, Wu CL. Effect of postoperative analgesia on major postoperative complications: a systematic update of the evidence. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 689\u2009\u2013\u2009702. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17312231&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ane.0000255040.71600.41","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000255040.71600.41"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fletcher D, Fermanian C, Mardaye A et al. A\u00a0patient-based national survey on postoperative pain management in France reveals significant achievements and persistent challenges. Pain 2008; 137: 441\u2009\u2013\u200951. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=18417292&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2008.02.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.02.026"},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredheim OM, Kvarstein G, Undall E et al. Postoperativ smerte hos pasienter i norske sykehus. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2011; 131: 0000\u2009\u2013\u200900.","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.10.1129"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommer M, de Rijke JM, van Kleef M et al. The prevalence of postoperative pain in a sample of 1490 surgical inpatients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25: 267\u2009\u2013\u200974. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=18053314&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/S0265021507003031","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021507003031"},{"key":"ref=5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet 2006; 367: 1618\u2009\u2013\u200925. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16698416&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crombie IK, Davies HT, Macrae WA. Cut and thrust: antecedent surgery and trauma among patients attending a chronic pain clinic. Pain 1998; 76: 167\u2009\u2013\u200971. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9696470&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00038-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00038-4"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maund E, McDaid C, Rice S et al. Paracetamol and selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the reduction in morphine-related side-effects after major surgery: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106: 292\u2009\u2013\u20097. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=21285082&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeq406","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq406"},{"key":"ref=8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buvanendran A, Kroin JS. Multimodal analgesia for controlling acute postoperative pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2009; 22: 588\u2009\u2013\u200993. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19606021&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/ACO.0b013e328330373a","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e328330373a"},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wall PD. The prevention of postoperative pain. Pain 1988; 33: 289\u2009\u2013\u200990. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3419835&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90286-2","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90286-2"},{"key":"ref=10","unstructured":"Breivik H, Breivik EK, Stubhaug A. Clinical aspects of pre-emptive analgesia: prevention of post-operative pain by pretreatment and continued optimal treatment. Pain Reviews 1996; 3: 63\u2009\u2013\u200978."},{"key":"ref=11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toms L, McQuay HJ, Derry S et al. Single dose oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; nr. 4: CD004602. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=18843665&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004602.pub2"},{"key":"ref=12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juhl GI, Norholt SE, Tonnesen E et al. Analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered as a 2 g starting dose following third molar surgery. Eur J Pain 2006; 10: 371\u2009\u2013\u20097. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16085437&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.004"},{"key":"ref=13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schug SA, Sidebotham DA, McGuinnety M et al. Acetaminophen as an adjunct to morphine by patient-controlled analgesia in the management of acute postoperative pain. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 368\u2009\u2013\u200972. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9706932&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199808000-00024"},{"key":"ref=14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watkins PB, Kaplowitz N, Slattery JT et al. Aminotransferase elevations in healthy adults receiving 4\u00a0grams of acetaminophen daily: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006; 296: 87\u2009\u2013\u200993. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16820551&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.296.1.87","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.1.87"},{"key":"ref=15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derry C, Derry S, Moore RA et al. Single dose oral ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; nr. 3: CD001548. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19588326&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001548.pub2"},{"key":"ref=16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derry C, Derry S, Moore RA et al. Single dose oral naproxen and naproxen sodium for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; nr. 1: CD004234. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19160232&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004234.pub3"},{"key":"ref=17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derry P, Derry S, Moore RA et al. Single dose oral diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; nr. 2: CD004768. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19370609&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004768.pub2"},{"key":"ref=18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen JY, Ko TL, Wen YR et al. Opioid-sparing effects of ketorolac and its correlation with the recovery of postoperative bowel function in colorectal surgery patients: a prospective randomized double-blinded study. Clin J Pain 2009; 25: 485\u2009\u2013\u20099. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19542795&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31819a506b","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31819a506b"},{"key":"ref=19","unstructured":"Boursinos LA, Karachalios T, Poultsides L et al. Do steroids, conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective Cox-2 inhibitors adversely affect fracture healing? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2009; 9: 44\u2009\u2013\u200952. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19240368&dopt=Abstract"},{"key":"ref=20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen T, Moilanen E. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 and the bone healing process. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 102: 10\u2009\u2013\u20094. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17973900&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2007.00149.x"},{"key":"ref=21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ong CK, Seymour RA, Lirk P et al. Combining paracetamol (acetaminophen) with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: a qualitative systematic review of analgesic efficacy for acute postoperative pain. Anesth Analg 2010; 110: 1170\u2009\u2013\u20099. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20142348&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181cf9281"},{"key":"ref=22","unstructured":"Reikvam \u00c5, Hexeberg S, Kvien TK et al. Klinisk bruk av COX-hemmere - en konsensus. Tidsskr Nor L\u00e6geforen 2006; 126: 591-5. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16505867&dopt=Abstract"},{"key":"ref=23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tveita T, Thoner J, Klepstad P et al. A controlled comparison between single doses of intravenous and intramuscular morphine with respect to analgesic effects and patient safety. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52: 920\u2009\u2013\u20095. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=18702754&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01608.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01608.x"},{"key":"ref=24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quigley C. Opioid switching to improve pain relief and drug tolerability. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; nr. 3: CD004847. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15266542&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004847"},{"key":"ref=25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson R, Saiers JH, Abram S et al. Accuracy in\u00a0equianalgesic dosing. conversion dilemmas. J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage 2001; 21: 397\u2009\u2013\u2009406. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11369161&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00271-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00271-8"},{"key":"ref=26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeves RR, Burke RS. Tramadol: basic pharmacology and emerging concepts. Drugs Today (Barc) 2008; 44: 827\u2009\u2013\u200936. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19180260&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1358\/dot.2008.44.11.1308916","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2008.44.11.1289441"},{"key":"ref=27","unstructured":"Romundstad L, Breivik H, Stubhaug A. Glukokortikoider reduserer akutte postoperative smerter. Tidsskr Nor L\u00e6geforen 2005; 125: 2507-8. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16186874&dopt=Abstract"},{"key":"ref=28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romundstad L, Breivik H, Niemi G et al. Methylprednisolone intravenously 1 day after surgery has sustained analgesic and opioid-sparing effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48: 1223\u2009\u2013\u200931. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15504180&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00480.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00480.x"},{"key":"ref=29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salerno A, Hermann R. Efficacy and safety of steroid use for postoperative pain relief. Update and review of the medical literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88: 1361\u2009\u2013\u200972. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16757774&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.D.03018","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.03018"},{"key":"ref=30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henzi I, Walder B, Tram\u00e8r MR. Dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 186\u2009\u2013\u200994. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10625002&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/00000539-200001000-00038","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200001000-00038"},{"key":"ref=31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breivik H, Norum HM. Regionalanalgesi - fordeler og ulemper. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2010; 130: 392-7. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20220867&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.08.0220"},{"key":"ref=32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemi G, Breivik H. Adrenaline markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a low-dose infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery. A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study with and without adrenaline. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42: 897\u2009\u2013\u2009909. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9773133&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05348.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05348.x"},{"key":"ref=33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemi G, Breivik H. Epidural fentanyl markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia in a low-dose infusion of bupivacaine, adrenaline and fentanyl. A randomized, double-blind crossover study with and without fentanyl. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45: 221\u2009\u2013\u200932. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11167169&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.450214.x","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.450214.x"},{"key":"ref=34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishimori M, Ballantyne JC, Low JH. Epidural pain relief versus systemic opioid-based pain relief for abdominal aortic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; nr. 3: CD005059. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16856074&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005059.pub2"},{"key":"ref=35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werawatganon T, Charuluxanun S. Patient controlled intravenous opioid analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia for pain after intra-abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; nr. 1: CD004088. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15674928&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004088.pub2"},{"key":"ref=36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breivik H, Bang U, Jalonen J et al. Nordic guidelines for neuraxial blocks in disturbed haemostasis from the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54: 16\u2009\u2013\u200941. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19839941&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02089.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02089.x"},{"key":"ref=37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fasting S. Risiko ved anestesi. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2010; 130: 498-502. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20224619&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.08.0666"},{"key":"ref=38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wulf H, L\u00f6we J, Gnutzmann KH et al. Femoral nerve block with ropivacaine or bupivacaine in day case anterior crucial ligament reconstruction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54: 414\u2009\u2013\u200920. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20085546&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02200.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02200.x"},{"key":"ref=39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carli F, Clemente A, Asenjo JF et al. Analgesia and functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty: periarticular infiltration vs continuous femoral nerve block. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105: 185\u2009\u2013\u200995. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20551021&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeq112","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq112"},{"key":"ref=40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredrickson MJ, Ball CM, Dalgleish AJ. Analgesic effectiveness of a continuous versus single-injection interscalene block for minor arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010; 35: 28\u2009\u2013\u200933. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20048655&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181c771bd","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181c771bd"},{"key":"ref=41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aveline C, Le Roux A, Le Hetet H et al. Postoperative efficacies of femoral nerve catheters sited using ultrasound combined with neurostimulation compared with neurostimulation alone for total knee arthroplasty. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010; 27: 978\u2009\u2013\u200984. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20601891&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833b34e1","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833b34e1"},{"key":"ref=42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui MR, Sajid MS, Uncles DR et al. A meta-analysis on the clinical effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane block. J Clin Anesth 2011; 23: 7\u2009\u2013\u200914. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=21296242&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2010.05.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2010.05.008"},{"key":"ref=43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu SS, Richman JM, Thirlby RC et al. Efficacy of continuous wound catheters delivering local anesthetic for postoperative analgesia: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 203: 914\u2009\u2013\u200932. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17116561&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.007"},{"key":"ref=44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott NB. Wound infiltration for surgery. Anaesthesia 2010; 65 (suppl 1): 67\u2009\u2013\u200975. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20377548&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2010.06241.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2010.06241.x"},{"key":"ref=45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen LO, Husted H, Otte KS et al. High-volume infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52: 1331\u2009\u2013\u20095. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19025523&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01777.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01777.x"},{"key":"ref=46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen LO, Kristensen BB, Husted H et al. Local anesthetics after total knee arthroplasty: intraarticular or extraarticular administration? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Orthop 2008; 79: 800\u2009\u2013\u20095. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19085498&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/17453670810016885","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670810016885"},{"key":"ref=47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell RF, Dahl JB, Moore RA et al. Perioperative ketamine for acute postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; nr. 1: CD004603. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16437490&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004603.pub2"},{"key":"ref=48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dauri M, Faria S, Gatti A et al. Gabapentin and pregabalin for the acute post-operative pain management. A systematic-narrative review of the recent clinical evidences. Curr Drug Targets 2009; 10: 716\u2009\u2013\u200933. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19702520&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2174\/138945009788982513","DOI":"10.2174\/138945009788982513"},{"key":"ref=49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen H, Sizlan A, Yanarates O et al. A comparison of\u00a0gabapentin and ketamine in acute and chronic pain after hysterectomy. Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 1645\u2009\u2013\u200950. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19843803&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181b65ea0","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181b65ea0"},{"key":"ref=50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen H, Sizlan A, Yanarate? O et al. The effects of gabapentin on acute and chronic pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2009; 26: 772\u2009\u2013\u20096. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19424073&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32832ad2fa","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32832ad2fa"},{"key":"ref=51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aasvang EK, Gmaehle E, Hansen JB et al. Predictive risk factors for persistent postherniotomy pain. Anesthesiology 2010; 112: 957\u2009\u2013\u200969. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20234307&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d31ff8","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d31ff8"},{"key":"ref=52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karanikolas M, Aretha D, Tsolakis I et al. Optimized perioperative analgesia reduces chronic phantom limb pain intensity, prevalence, and frequency: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Anesthesiology 2011; 114: 1144\u2009\u2013\u200954. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=21368651&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31820fc7d2","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31820fc7d2"},{"key":"ref=53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kehlet H, Wilkinson RC, Fischer HB et al. PROSPECT: evidence-based, procedure-specific postoperative pain management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2007; 21: 149\u2009\u2013\u200959. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17489225&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2006.12.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2006.12.001"},{"key":"ref=54","unstructured":"Breivik H, Curatolo M, Niemi G et al. How to implement an acute pain service: an update. I: Breivik H, Shipley M, red. Pain \u2013 best practice and research compendium. Edinburg: Elsevier, 2007: 255\u2009\u2013\u200970."},{"key":"ref=55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White PF, Kehlet H. Improving postoperative pain management: what are the unresolved issues? Anesthesiology 2010; 112: 220\u2009\u2013\u20095. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20010418&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c6316e","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c6316e"},{"key":"ref=56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koppert W, Weigand M, Neumann F et al. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine has preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: 1050\u2009\u2013\u20095. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15041597&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ANE.0000104582.71710.EE","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000104582.71710.EE"},{"key":"ref=57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredheim OM, N\u00f8stdahl T, Nordstrand B et al. Behandling av akutte smerter under legemiddelassistert rehabilitering. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2010; 130: 738-40. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20379336&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.09.1110"},{"key":"ref=58","unstructured":"Kongsgaard UE, Bell RF, Breivik H. Smertelindring ved stoffmisbruk eller langvarig opioidbehandling. Tidsskr Nor L\u00e6geforen 2005; 125: 2808-10. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16244688&dopt=Abstract"},{"key":"ref=59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemi G, Breivik H. Epinephrine markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a small-dose infusion of ropivacaine, fentanyl, and epinephrine after major thoracic or abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blinded crossover study with and without epinephrine. Anesth Analg 2002; 94: 1598\u2009\u2013\u2009605. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12032036&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200206000-00044"},{"key":"ref=60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemi G, Breivik H. The minimally effective concentration of adrenaline in a low-concentration thoracic epidural analgesic infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery. A randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003; 47: 439\u2009\u2013\u200950. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12694144&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00077.x","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00077.x"}],"container-title":["Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening"],"original-title":[],"language":"no","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:04:48Z","timestamp":1781661888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tidsskriftet.no\/2011\/09\/oversiktsartikkel\/behandling-av-postoperativ-smerte-i-sykehus"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4045\/tidsskr.10.1184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-2001","0807-7096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-2001","type":"print"},{"value":"0807-7096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]}}}