{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:55:53Z","timestamp":1791618953689,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Norwegian Medical Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tidsskr Nor Legeforen","Tidsskriftet"],"DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.18.0727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T03:08:25Z","timestamp":1561518505000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Muscle soreness and rhabdomyolysis"],"prefix":"10.4045","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"G\u00f8ran","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haakon Breien","family":"Benestad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2479","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung\u00a0K, Hume\u00a0P, Maxwell\u00a0L. Delayed onset muscle soreness : treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med 2003; 33: 145\u201364. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12617692&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2165%2F00007256-200333020-00005","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333020-00005"},{"key":"ref=2","unstructured":"Paulsen\u00a0G, Mikkelsen\u00a0UR, Raastad\u00a0T et al. Leucocytes, cytokines and satellite cells: what role do they play in muscle damage and regeneration following eccentric exercise? Exerc Immunol Rev 2012; 18: 42\u201397. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=22876722&dopt=Abstract"},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizumura\u00a0K, Taguchi\u00a0T. Delayed onset muscle soreness: Involvement of neurotrophic factors. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66: 43\u201352. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=26467448&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs12576-015-0397-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-015-0397-0"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauritzen\u00a0F, Paulsen\u00a0G, Raastad\u00a0T et al. Gross ultrastructural changes and necrotic fiber segments in elbow flexor muscles after maximal voluntary eccentric action in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107: 1923\u201334. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19797695&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1152%2Fjapplphysiol.00148.2009","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00148.2009"},{"key":"ref=5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proske\u00a0U, Allen\u00a0TJ. Damage to skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2005; 33: 98\u2013104. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15821431&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097%2F00003677-200504000-00007","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200504000-00007"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raastad\u00a0T, Owe\u00a0SG, Paulsen\u00a0G et al. Changes in calpain activity, muscle structure, and function after eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 86\u201395. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20010126&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e3181ac7afa","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181ac7afa"},{"key":"ref=7","unstructured":"Paulsen\u00a0G, Egner\u00a0IM, Drange\u00a0M et al. A COX-2 inhibitor reduces muscle soreness, but does not influence recovery and adaptation after eccentric exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20: e195\u2013207. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=19522751&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0838.2009.00947.x"},{"key":"ref=8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulsen\u00a0G, Crameri\u00a0R, Benestad\u00a0HB et al. Time course of leukocyte accumulation in human muscle after eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 75\u201385. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20010127&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e3181ac7adb","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181ac7adb"},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulsen\u00a0G, Egner\u00a0I, Raastad\u00a0T et al. Inflammatory markers CD11b, CD16, CD66b, CD68, myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase in eccentric exercised human skeletal muscles. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 139: 691\u2013715. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=23224298&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs00418-012-1061-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-012-1061-x"},{"key":"ref=10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abraham\u00a0WM. Factors in delayed muscle soreness. Med Sci Sports 1977; 9: 11\u201320. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=870780&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-197721000-00002"},{"key":"ref=11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Connor\u00a0PJ, Cook\u00a0DB. Exercise and pain: the neurobiology, measurement, and laboratory study of pain in relation to exercise in humans. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1999; 27: 119\u201366. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10791016&dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199900270-00007"},{"key":"ref=12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolf\u00a0CJ. Pain: moving from symptom control toward mechanism-specific pharmacologic management. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 441\u201351. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15023710&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.7326%2F0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00010","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00010"},{"key":"ref=13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graven-Nielsen\u00a0T, Mense\u00a0S, Arendt-Nielsen\u00a0L. Painful and non-painful pressure sensations from human skeletal muscle. Exp Brain Res 2004; 159: 273\u201383. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15480607&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs00221-004-1937-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1937-7"},{"key":"ref=14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graven-Nielsen\u00a0T, Arendt-Nielsen\u00a0L. Assessment of mechanisms in localized and widespread musculoskeletal pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6: 599\u2013606. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20664523&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnrrheum.2010.107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.107"},{"key":"ref=15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dupuy\u00a0O, Douzi\u00a0W, Theurot\u00a0D et al. An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue, and inflammation: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9: 403. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=29755363&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffphys.2018.00403","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00403"},{"key":"ref=16","unstructured":"Mackey\u00a0AL, Mikkelsen\u00a0UR, Magnusson\u00a0SP et al. Rehabilitation of muscle after injury - the role of anti-inflammatory drugs. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 22: e8\u201314. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=22449131&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0838.2012.01463.x"},{"key":"ref=17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broatch\u00a0JR, Petersen\u00a0A, Bishop\u00a0DJ. The influence of post-exercise cold-water immersion on adaptive responses to exercise: A review of the literature. Sports Med 2018; 48: 1369\u201387. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=29627884&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs40279-018-0910-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0910-8"},{"key":"ref=18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aalborg\u00a0C, R\u00f8d-Larsen\u00a0C, Leiro\u00a0I et al. \u00d8kning i antall pasienter med treningsindusert rabdomyolyse? Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2016; 136: 1532\u20136. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=27731596&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4045%2Ftidsskr.15.1207","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.15.1207"},{"key":"ref=19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fardal\u00a0H, G\u00f8ransson\u00a0LG. Treningsutl\u00f8st rabdomyolyse \u2013 en ny tendens? Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2016; 136: 1537\u201341. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=27731597&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4045%2Ftidsskr.16.0042","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.16.0042"},{"key":"ref=20","unstructured":"Tazmini\u00a0K, Schreiner\u00a0C, Bruserud\u00a0S et al. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis - a patient series. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2017; 137. doi: 10.4045\/tidsskr.16.1103. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=29135163&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4045%2Ftidsskr.16.1103"},{"key":"ref=21","unstructured":"Huerta-Alard\u00edn\u00a0AL, Varon\u00a0J, Marik\u00a0PE. Bench-to-bedside review: Rhabdomyolysis \u2013 an overview for clinicians. Crit Care 2005; 9: 158\u201369. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15774072&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186%2Fcc2978"},{"key":"ref=22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vangstad\u00a0M, Bjornaas\u00a0MA, Jacobsen\u00a0D. Rhabdomyolysis: a 10-year retrospective study of patients treated in a medical department. Eur J Emerg Med 2019; 26: 199\u2013204. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=29068810&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097%2FMEJ.0000000000000510","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000510"},{"key":"ref=23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmerman\u00a0JL, Shen\u00a0MC. Rhabdomyolysis. Chest 2013; 144: 1058\u201365. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=24008958&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1378%2Fchest.12-2016","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2016"},{"key":"ref=24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scalco\u00a0RS, Snoeck\u00a0M, Quinlivan\u00a0R et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis: physiological response or manifestation of an underlying myopathy? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2: e000151. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=27900193&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136%2Fbmjsem-2016-000151","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2016-000151"},{"key":"ref=25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rawson\u00a0ES, Clarkson\u00a0PM, Tarnopolsky\u00a0MA. Perspectives on exertional rhabdomyolysis. Sports Med 2017; 47 (suppl 1): 33\u201349. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=28332112&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs40279-017-0689-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0689-z"},{"key":"ref=26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flann\u00a0KL, LaStayo\u00a0PC, McClain\u00a0DA et al. Muscle damage and muscle remodeling: no pain, no gain? J Exp Biol 2011; 214: 674\u20139. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=21270317&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1242%2Fjeb.050112","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.050112"},{"key":"ref=27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apeland\u00a0T, Danielsen\u00a0T, Staal\u00a0EM et al. Risk factors for exertional rhabdomyolysis with renal stress. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3: e000241. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=29147573&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136%2Fbmjsem-2017-000241","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000241"},{"key":"ref=28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarkson\u00a0PM, Kearns\u00a0AK, Rouzier\u00a0P et al. Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 623\u20137. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16679975&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1249%2F01.mss.0000210192.49210.fc","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000210192.49210.fc"},{"key":"ref=29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones\u00a0DA, Newham\u00a0DJ, Round\u00a0JM et al. Experimental human muscle damage: morphological changes in relation to other indices of damage. J Physiol 1986; 375: 435\u201348. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3025428&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1986.sp016126","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1986.sp016126"},{"key":"ref=30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Round\u00a0JM, Jones\u00a0DA, Cambridge\u00a0G. Cellular infiltrates in human skeletal muscle: exercise induced damage as a model for inflammatory muscle disease? J Neurol Sci 1987; 82: 1\u201311. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3440861&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2F0022-510X(87)90002-5","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(87)90002-5"},{"key":"ref=31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayers\u00a0SP, Clarkson\u00a0PM, Rouzier\u00a0PA et al. Adverse events associated with eccentric exercise protocols: six case studies. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 1697\u2013702. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10613417&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097%2F00005768-199912000-00002","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199912000-00002"},{"key":"ref=32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren\u00a0JD, Blumbergs\u00a0PC, Thompson\u00a0PD. Rhabdomyolysis: a review. Muscle Nerve 2002; 25: 332\u201347. PubMed: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11870710&dopt=Abstract, Crossref: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002%2Fmus.10053","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10053"}],"container-title":["Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening"],"original-title":["Muskelst\u00f8lhet og rabdomyolyse"],"language":"no","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T07:21:18Z","timestamp":1781680878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tidsskriftet.no\/2019\/06\/klinisk-oversikt\/muskelstolhet-og-rabdomyolyse"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4045\/tidsskr.18.0727","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-2001","0807-7096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-2001","type":"print"},{"value":"0807-7096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]}}}