{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:21:12Z","timestamp":1792023672633,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-trd.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tuberc Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) revised the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to broadly include a variety of etiologies. A new taxonomy, composed of etiotypes, aims to highlight the heterogeneity in causes and pathogenesis of COPD, allowing more personalized management strategies and emphasizing the need for targeted research to understand and manage COPD better. However, controversy arises with including some diseases under the umbrella term of COPD, as their clinical presentations and treatments differ from classical COPD, which is smoking-related. COPD due to infection (COPD-I) and COPD due to environmental exposure (COPD-P) are classifications within the new taxonomy. Some disease entities in these categories show distinct clinical features and may not benefit from conventional COPD treatments, raising questions about their classification as COPD subtypes. There is also controversy regarding whether bronchiectasis with airflow limitations should be classified as an etiotype of COPD. This article discusses controversial issues associated with the proposed etiotypes for COPD in terms of COPD-I, COPD-P, and bronchiectasis. While the updated COPD definition by GOLD 2023 is a major step towards recognizing the disease\u2019s complexity, it also raises questions about the classification of related respiratory conditions. This highlights the need for further research to improve our understanding and approach to COPD management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2023.0194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T01:53:40Z","timestamp":1707184420000},"page":"221-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Proposed Etiotypes for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Controversial Issues"],"prefix":"10.4046","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0410-8524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang Hyuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2459-3448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji-Yong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-2182","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyung Hoon","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1269-0913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2481","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Global strategy for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD: 2023 report [Internet]","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113426"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)01273-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.01951.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(21)00511-7"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210722"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2542-5196(19)30214-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00470-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00462-2023"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0132-z"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra2202819"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2023.15.1.83"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.722124"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00170014"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00296-2022"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01833-6"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00616-2023"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1017-y"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8773204"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/smj.0000000000001394"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1027oc"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"2200611","volume-title":"Clinical outcomes of bronchiectasis in India: data from the EMBARC\/Respiratory Research Network of India registry","author":"Dhar","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.026"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.007"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0490"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00629-2017"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02184-2021"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.s115581"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-1282"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071906"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03127-2021"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-023-00600-2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2021.0030"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2023.0014"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150532"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00399-2021"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0351"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0221-2022"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4576"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e108"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-1098a"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac411"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad373"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141230"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1435"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00083507"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207325666220406111435"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0954-6111(89)80031-9"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.129999"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"e20210515","volume-title":"Post-tuberculosis lung disease: a comparison of Brazilian, Italian, and Mexican cohorts","author":"Silva","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49598-9"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13147"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0722"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.s128750"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a3350"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1055-5"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00303"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.005"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000017869"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02075-y"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01304-6"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2021-028"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-021-01923-x"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4412-6"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3909-3"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"e14281","volume-title":"Risk factors for developing Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease: a case-control study in Korea","author":"Kim","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562017000000213"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12835"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16559-z"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29443"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2014-000050"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Clinical and therapeutic features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, Brazil, 1993-2011","author":"de Mello","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0503oc"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00311"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0412"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2018.02.002"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058214"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.22.0616"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"527","volume-title":"Histopathologic analysis of surgically resected lungs of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease: a retrospective and hypothesis-generating study","author":"Choi","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.3.9802042"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.653332"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.202003-222cme"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0212-2021"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00170-2018"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.2.344"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.11.011"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2014.77.3.124"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2007.63.2.139"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2005.59.4.368"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/ejp.2014.72681"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Anthracotic airways disease: report of 102 cases","author":"Amoli","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0116"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"175","volume-title":"What do we know about anthracofibrosis?: a literature review","author":"Jamaati","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Effect of salmeterol-fluticasone combination and tiotropium on clinical and physiological improvement of bronchial anthracofibrosis: a double blind randomized, cross over, placebo controlled, clinical trial","author":"Mirsadraee","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0581-0"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108232"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.12.012"}],"container-title":["Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-trd.org\/upload\/pdf\/trd-2023-0194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-trd.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4046\/trd.2023.0194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-trd.org\/upload\/pdf\/trd-2023-0194.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T21:41:12Z","timestamp":1719783672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-trd.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4046\/trd.2023.0194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/trd.2023.0194","relation":{},"ISSN":["1738-3536","2005-6184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-3536","type":"print"},{"value":"2005-6184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}