{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:10:26Z","timestamp":1775038226340,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-trd.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tuberc Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Smoking remains a major preventable cause of death and disease worldwide. The proliferation of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) adds complexity to tobacco control policies. This study analyzed trends in smoking prevalence, e-cigarette use, dual use, age at smoking initiation, intention to quit, motivations for use, and second-hand smoke exposure among Korean adults over 11 years (2013\u20132023).Methods: We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IX-2) collected between 2013\u20132023. Use of non-combustible tobacco products, including liquid-type e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs), was assessed separately. Analyses were stratified by sex, age, and income.Results: Current smoking prevalence decreased from 23.2% in 2013 to 18.5% in 2023. The decline was greater among males (41.4% to 32.1%), and in the 30\u201339-year age group (30.7% to 18.3%). Liquid-type e-cigarette use increased from 1.1% to 3.3%, prominently among young males. HTP use remained stable at approximately 4.8%. Dual use of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes ranged from 4.7% to 6.2%. The average age at smoking initiation remained at 19.8 years, but decreased by 1.5 years among females. Intention to quit decreased to 13.1% in 2023, among females. Motivations for e-cigarette use were primarily \u2018no cigarette smell\u2019 (43.9%) and \u2018seems less harmful than cigarettes\u2019 (18.4%). Second-hand smoke exposure in workplaces and public places decreased by 6.6% and 9.4%, respectively.Conclusion: While traditional smoking prevalence continues to decline, the increasing prevalence of e-cigarette use and dual use poses new public health challenges. These trends are particularly evident among young males and low-income groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2025.0201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:28:37Z","timestamp":1771547317000},"page":"245-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in Combustible Cigarette Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and Related Behaviors among Korean Adults: An 11-Year Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.4046","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1702-6236","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Won 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