{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:29:58Z","timestamp":1790267398767,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2016,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\u03b3\u03b4NKT cells are an abundant \u03b3\u03b4T cell population with restricted V\u03b31.1 V\u03b46.3 gene usage and phenotypic and functional similarity to conventional \u03b1\u03b2\u2013invariant NKT cells. The \u03b3\u03b4NKT population responds to Listeria infections, but specific ligands are not known. In this work, we studied the CDR3 requirements of the \u03b3\u03b4NKT TCR, V\u03b31.1V\u03b46.3 for recognizing naive macrophages, and macrophages infected with Listeria. We expressed four different variants of the V\u03b31.1V\u03b46.3 TCR in TCR-deficient hybridomas, one with germline-encoded sequences and three with nongermline-encoded sequences. All of the hybridomas were activated when cultured in the presence of macrophages, and the activation was increased when the macrophages were infected with Listeria. This indicates that these TCRs can recognize a self-ligand present in macrophages and suggests that the ligand is modified or upregulated when the cells are infected with Listeria. One of the three nongermline-encoded V\u03b31.1 variants induced a lower activation level compared with the other variants tested in this study, suggesting that recognition of the Listeria-induced ligand involves the CDR3\u03b3 region of the TCR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.1800040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T19:34:06Z","timestamp":1563478446000},"page":"341-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Recognition of Listeria Infection by Germline Elements of the V\u03b31.1 V\u03b46.3 TCR"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8771-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Negroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01655"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ok Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9870-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence J","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010608415031200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.3.891","article-title":"Developmental arrest of NK1.1+ T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-\u03b1\/\u03b2+ T cells and expansion of NK1.1+ TCR-\u03b3\/\u03b4+ T cell development in CD3 \u03b6-deficient mice","volume":"182","author":"Arase","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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