{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:07:28Z","timestamp":1787807248786,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1255,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are potent producers of type I IFN (IFN-I) during viral infection and respond to IFN-I in a positive feedback loop that promotes their function. IFN-I shapes dendritic cell responses during helminth infection, impacting their ability to support Th2 responses. However, the role of pDCs in type 2 inflammation is unclear. Previous studies have shown that pDCs are dispensable for hepatic or splenic Th2 responses during the early stages of murine infection with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni at the onset of parasite egg laying. However, during S. mansoni infection, an ongoing Th2 response against mature parasite eggs is required to protect the liver and intestine from acute damage and how pDCs participate in immune responses to eggs and adult worms in various tissues beyond acute infection remains unclear. We now show that pDCs are required for optimal Th2 cytokine production in response to S. mansoni eggs in the intestinal-draining mesenteric lymph nodes throughout infection and for egg-specific IFN-\u03b3 at later time points of infection. Further, pDC depletion at chronic stages of infection led to increased hepatic and splenic pathology as well as abrogated Th2 cell cytokine production and activation in the liver. In vitro, mesenteric lymph node pDCs supported Th2 cell responses from infection-experienced CD4+ T cells, a process dependent on pDC IFN-I responsiveness, yet independent of Ag. Together, these data highlight a previously unappreciated role for pDCs and IFN-I in maintaining and reinforcing type 2 immunity in the lymph nodes and inflamed tissue during helminth infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2100071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T14:30:11Z","timestamp":1630333811000},"page":"721-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Facilitate Th Cell Cytokine Responses throughout <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-7570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren M","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0426-6562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T","family":"Phythian-Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice H","family":"Costain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila L","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel J","family":"Lundie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"360biolabs, Melbourne , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Forde-Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter C","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter , Exeter ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0608-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy H","family":"Jackson-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University , Lancaster , ; and","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela K","family":"Marley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9279-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermelijn H","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-5502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl F","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia D","family":"Tait Wojno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5356-1149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010703485812200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787","article-title":"Type I interferons in infectious disease.","volume":"15","author":"McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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