{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T05:36:05Z","timestamp":1736228165869,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1194,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Abs to DNA (anti-DNA) are a unique population of Abs that bind structural determinants on the DNA molecule. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), anti-DNA Abs bind to conserved antigenic determinants, with the phosphodiester backbone being the most likely. In contrast, otherwise healthy subjects (HS) express anti-DNA that bind selectively to nonconserved sites on certain bacterial and viral DNA. As shown previously, SLE anti-DNA bind by a mechanism termed Fc-dependent monogamous bivalency. In this mechanism, both Fab sites interact with determinants on the same extended DNA molecule, reflecting the low affinity of each Fab site; the requirement for the Fc region suggests some contribution of the C region to increase avidity. In this study, we investigated whether anti-DNA from HS also bind to bacterial DNA by Fc-dependent monogamous bivalency. For this purpose, we compared the activity of intact IgG with Fab and F(ab\u2032)2 fragments prepared from the plasmas of SLE patients and HS using ELISAs with DNA from calf thymus or Micrococcus luteus. These studies showed that Fab fragments from all plasmas tested, both SLE and HS, failed to bind significantly to DNA compared with intact IgG. By contrast, some, but not all, F(ab\u2032)2 preparations from both SLE patients and HS showed binding to M. luteus DNA; F(ab\u2032)2 fragments from SLE plasmas, however, did not bind significantly to calf thymus DNA. Together, these findings suggest that although anti-DNA Abs, whether from SLE or HS, bind by monogamous bivalency, binding to bacterial DNA does not require the Fc region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2100077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T15:51:05Z","timestamp":1633708265000},"page":"792-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Binding Mechanisms of Antibodies to DNA from Healthy Subjects and Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Role of Monogamous Bivalency and Fc Dependence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Morgan E","family":"Belina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane M","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Pisetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC"},{"name":"Medical Research Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center , Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010703493789500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/08830188909086987","article-title":"Immunochemistry of DNA.","volume":"5","author":"Stollar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025010703493789500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.151","article-title":"Anti-DNA antibodies\u2014quintessential biomarkers of SLE.","volume":"12","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2025010703493789500_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105479","article-title":"Deoxybonucleic acid (DNA) and antibodies to DNA in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"45","author":"Tan","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025010703493789500_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.186","article-title":"New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"12","author":"Tsokos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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Methods."},{"key":"2025010703493789500_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-014-0428-6","article-title":"The pathogenesis and diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus: still not resolved.","volume":"36","author":"Rekvig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"2025010703493789500_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780291201","article-title":"Antibodies to DNA. A perspective.","volume":"29","author":"Emlen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025010703493789500_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.69","article-title":"The anti-DNA antibody: origin and impact, dogmas and controversies.","volume":"11","author":"Rekvig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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