{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:57:45Z","timestamp":1762642665866,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1043,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although recognized as a curable disease, the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in chronically infected patients remains a great burden for public health. T cell immune responses serve a key role in anti-HCV infection; however, the features of T cell immunity in patients after a long-term infection are not well explored. We recruited a special cohort of patients with similar genetic background and natural developing progression of disease who were infected with HCV through blood donation 35 y ago. We found that self-resolved individuals had higher levels of cytokine-secreting T cells than individuals with chronic infections, indicating HCV-specific T cell immunity could be sustained for &amp;gt;35 y. Meanwhile, virus-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic patients were characterized by programmed cell death-1high, TIM-3high expression, which was related to liver injury characterized by aspartate transaminase\/alanine aminotransferase levels and morphopathological changes. Unexpectedly, the expression of Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 on CD8+ T cells was lower in chronic patients and negatively correlated with alanine aminotransferase\/aspartate transaminase. Our findings provided new insights into HCV-specific T cell responses and may shed light on a way to figure out novel effector targets and explore a way to reverse chronic infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T17:35:15Z","timestamp":1646674515000},"page":"191-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-Lasting Virus-Specific T Cell Response with Divergent Features in Self-Resolved and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients 35 Years Postinfection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jikun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanwei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital , Shijiazhuang ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naizhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bihua","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjiao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George F","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9388-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William J","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010703512919700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26141","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence","volume":"57","author":"Mohd Hanafiah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025010703512919700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-394-3_4","article-title":"Nomenclature and numbering of the hepatitis C virus","volume":"510","author":"Kuiken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. 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Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025010703512919700_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15661","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202608299","article-title":"Viral and immunological determinants of hepatitis C virus clearance, persistence, and disease","volume":"99","author":"Thimme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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