{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:12:49Z","timestamp":1777425169917,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":982,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The emergence of the omicron and delta variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has begun a number of discussions regarding breakthrough infection, waning immunity, need and timing for vaccine boosters, and whether existing mRNA vaccines for the original SARS-CoV-2 strain are adequate. Our work leverages a biosensor-based technique to evaluate the binding efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific salivary Abs to the omicron and delta variants using a cohort of mRNA-vaccinated (n = 109) and convalescent (n = 19) subjects. We discovered a wide range of binding efficacies to the variant strains, with a mean reduction of 60.5, 26.7, and 14.7% in measurable signal to the omicron strain and 13.4, 2.4, and \u22126.4% mean reduction to the delta variant for convalescent, Pfizer-, and Moderna-vaccinated groups, respectively. This assay may be an important tool in determining susceptibility to infection or need for booster immunization as the pandemic evolves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T04:06:16Z","timestamp":1672718776000},"page":"307-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variability in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG Antibody Affinity to Omicron and Delta Variants in Convalescent and Community mRNA-Vaccinated Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-4030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liquid Diagnostics LLC , San Clemente, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha H","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA School of Dentistry , Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David T W","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA School of Dentistry , Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9709-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles M","family":"Strom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liquid Diagnostics LLC , San Clemente, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010703514319000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2202542","article-title":"Efficacy of a fourth dose of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine against omicron","volume":"386","author":"Regev-Yochay","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118691","article-title":"Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after Covid-19 vaccination and previous infection","volume":"386","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06629-2","article-title":"mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies more effective than natural immunity in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and its high affinity variants","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0251342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251342","article-title":"Development and validation of a quantitative, non-invasive, highly sensitive and specific, electrochemical assay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in saliva","volume":"16","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100919","article-title":"The kinetics of COVID-19 vaccine response in a community-vaccinated population","volume":"208","author":"Tu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r6","author":"SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Spike S1 Protein (His Tag)"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabe5511","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe5511","article-title":"Persistence of serum and saliva antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in COVID-19 patients","volume":"5","author":"Isho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17660","article-title":"Evaluating immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in nursing home residents using saliva IgG","volume":"70","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc"},{"key":"2025010703514319000_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100934","article-title":"Development and validation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA and IgG","volume":"208","author":"Costantini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol"}],"container-title":["ImmunoHorizons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/immunohorizons\/article-pdf\/6\/5\/307\/60187008\/ih2200031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/immunohorizons\/article-pdf\/6\/5\/307\/60187008\/ih2200031.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T03:57:06Z","timestamp":1736222226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/immunohorizons\/article\/6\/5\/307\/7816756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-7732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-7732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}}}