{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T23:07:35Z","timestamp":1740179255665,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":798,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Highly effective combination antiretroviral therapy has reduced HIV infection to a manageable chronic disease, shifting the clinical landscape toward management of noninfectious comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH). These comorbidities are diverse, generally associated with accelerated aging, and present within multiple organ systems. Mechanistically, immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation, both of which persist in PLWH with well-controlled virally suppressive HIV infection, are suggested to create and exacerbate noninfectious comorbidity development. Persistent inflammation often leads to fibrosis, which is the common end point pathologic feature associated with most comorbidities. Fibrocytes are bone marrow\u2013derived fibroblast-like cells, which emerged as key effector cells in tissue repair and pathologic fibrotic diseases. Despite their relevance to fibrosis, the circulating fibrocyte concentration in PLWH remains poorly characterized, and an understanding of their functional role in chronic HIV is limited. In this study, utilizing PBMCs from a cross-sectional adult HIV cohort study with matched uninfected controls (HIV\u2212), we aimed to identify and compare circulating fibrocytes in blood. Both the percentage and number of fibrocytes and \u03b1-smooth muscle actin+ fibrocytes in circulation did not differ between the HIV+ and HIV\u2212 groups. However, circulating fibrocyte levels were significantly associated with increasing age in both the HIV+ and HIV\u2212 groups (the percentage and number; r = 0.575, p \u2264 0.0001 and r = 0.558, p \u2264 0.0001, respectively). Our study demonstrates that circulating fibrocyte levels and their fibroblast-like phenotype defined as collagen I and \u03b1-smooth muscle actin+ expression are comparable between, and strongly associated with, age irrespective of HIV status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T05:03:56Z","timestamp":1672722236000},"page":"760-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of Circulating Fibrocytes in People Living with HIV on Stable Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8699-0513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan S","family":"Dean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"},{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic C","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"},{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5427-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lishomwa C","family":"Ndhlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"Boisvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8535-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra P","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia M","family":"Shikuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"},{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juwon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"},{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010703533653300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01590-5","article-title":"Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021","volume":"27","author":"Deeks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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Rep."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61050-2","article-title":"Incidence of cancers in people with HIV\/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis","volume":"370","author":"Grulich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081254","article-title":"Kidney disease in HIV infection","volume":"8","author":"Alfano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01230-1","article-title":"Causative factors of liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients. A single center study","volume":"20","author":"Androutsakos","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7260","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i23.7260","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis: an update","volume":"20","author":"Elpek","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102759","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis regression","volume":"10","author":"Caligiuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1783","article-title":"High prevalence of liver fibrosis associated with HIV infection: a study in rural Rakai, Uganda","volume":"16","author":"Stabinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir. 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Syndr."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.08.020","article-title":"Loss of CCR2 expressing non-classical monocytes are associated with cognitive impairment in antiretroviral therapy-na\u00efve HIV-infected Thais","volume":"288","author":"Ndhlovu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0226347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226347","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators and lung abnormalities in HIV: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Head","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001712","article-title":"Pulmonary disease in HIV-infected adults in the era of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"32","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00464-3","article-title":"Aging with HIV","volume":"16","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01461","article-title":"The role of transforming growth factor beta-1 in the progression of HIV\/AIDS and development of non-AIDS-defining fibrotic disorders","volume":"8","author":"Theron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14193","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms in fibrosis","volume":"30","author":"Dees","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004427","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.004427","article-title":"Inflammation and fibrosis in HIV: getting to the heart of the matter","volume":"9","author":"Hsue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv274","article-title":"Abnormal myocardial function is related to myocardial steatosis and diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HIV-infected adults","volume":"212","author":"Thiara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004430","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.004430","article-title":"HIV-1-related cardiovascular disease is associated with chronic inflammation, frequent pericardial effusions, and probable myocardial edema","volume":"9","author":"Ntusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. 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Sci."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403533","article-title":"Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair","volume":"1","author":"Bucala","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.02.008","article-title":"Fibrocyte and T cell interactions promote disease pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Galligan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747335","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.747335","article-title":"Interrelation between fibroblasts and T cells in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/15284336.2016.1162386","article-title":"Non-classical monocytes predict progression of carotid artery bifurcation intima-media thickness in HIV-infected individuals on stable antiretroviral therapy","volume":"17","author":"Chow","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV Clin. Trials"},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7556","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7556","article-title":"Peripheral blood fibrocytes: differentiation pathway and migration to wound sites","volume":"166","author":"Abe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01330-4","article-title":"IL-18\/IL-18R1 promotes circulating fibrocyte differentiation in the aging population","volume":"69","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008083","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008083","article-title":"Elevated circulating fibrocytes is a marker of left atrial fibrosis and recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12945","article-title":"Elevated circulating fibrocyte levels in hemodialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease patients","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420997","article-title":"Circulating fibrocytes traffic to the lungs in response to CXCL12 and mediate fibrosis","volume":"114","author":"Phillips","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15058","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15058","article-title":"Circulating fibrocyte level in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"64","author":"Ya\u015far","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700654","article-title":"The role of the fibrocyte, a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor, in reactive and reparative fibroses","volume":"87","author":"Bellini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2281","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute functionally to scar formation after myocardial infarction","volume":"214","author":"van Amerongen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1205","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1205","article-title":"Fibrocyte localisation to the ASM bundle in asthma: bidirectional effects on cell phenotype and behaviour","volume":"9","author":"Saunders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunology"},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.1.380","article-title":"Identification of circulating fibrocytes as precursors of bronchial myofibroblasts in asthma","volume":"171","author":"Schmidt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025010703533653300_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.09.011","article-title":"Improved serum-free culture conditions for the differentiation of human and murine fibrocytes","volume":"351","author":"Pilling","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol. 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