{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:40:42Z","timestamp":1790102442928,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":586,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Vitamin A and its biologically active metabolites, all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid (RA), are thought to be important in generating and modulating immune function. However, RA modulates the function of many types of immune cells, and its specific role in dendritic cell (DC) activation, Ag presentation, and T cell effector function has not been fully characterized. Because RA works primarily through RA receptor (RAR)\u03b1, we examined mice with a myeloid cell\u2013specific defect in RA signaling. These transgenic mice have a CD11c-cre\u2013driven expression of a truncated form of RAR\u03b1 that specifically blocks the signaling of all forms of RARs in myeloid cells. This defect results in abnormal DC function, with impaired DC maturation and activation, and reduced Ag uptake and processing. These DC abnormalities were associated with a reduced ability to mount Ag-specific T cell responses to immunization despite having normally functioning T cells. In contrast, the loss of DC-specific RA signaling did not significantly alter levels of Ag-specific Abs postimmunization and resulted in an increase in bronchial IgA. Our findings indicate that RA signaling in DCs is crucial for immune activation, and its absence impairs the development of Ag-specific effector functions of T cell immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2300022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T13:56:10Z","timestamp":1687355770000},"page":"480-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Required for Dendritic Cell Maturation and the Induction of T Cell Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Farazuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Ludka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0250-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J","family":"Landers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1455-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica J","family":"O\u2019Konek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4618-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang H","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James R","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Mary H. 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