{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:19:55Z","timestamp":1791206395516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>B cells can influence T cell responses by directly presenting Ag or by secreting Ab that binds to Ag to form immunogenic complexes. Conflicting evidence suggests that persisting Ag-Ab complexes propagate long-term T cell memory; yet, other data indicate that memory cells can survive without specific Ag or MHC. In this study, the roles of B cells and Ag-Ab complexes in T cell responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection were investigated using B cell-deficient or B cell-competent mice. Despite normal lymphocyte expansion after acute infection, B cell-deficient mice rapidly lost CD4+ T cell memory, but not CD8+ T cell memory, during the contraction phase. To determine whether Ag-Ab complexes sustain CD4+ T cell memory, T cell responses were followed in B cell-transgenic (mIg-Tg) mice that have B cells but neither LCMV-specific Ab nor LCMV-immune complex deposition. In contrast to B cell-deficient mice, mIg-Tg mice retained functional Th cell memory, indicating that B cells selectively preserve CD4+ T cell memory independently of immune complex formation. An in vivo consequence of losing CD4+ T cell memory was that B cell-deficient mice were unable to resolve chronic virus infection. These data implicate a B cell function other than Ab production that induces long-term protective immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]],"date-time":"2009-02-09T12:02:33Z","timestamp":1234180953000},"page":"1868-1876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Requirement of B Cells for Generating CD4+ T Cell Memory"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Jason K","family":"Whitmire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary S","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Kaech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surojit","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn G","family":"Hannum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06510"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Shlomchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06510"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806241078600_R1","first-page":"835","article-title":"Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation.","volume-title":"Nat. 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