{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T06:56:14Z","timestamp":1782888974138,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Infestation of skin by the parasitic itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei afflicts 300 million people worldwide and there is a need for novel and efficient therapies. We have previously identified a multigene family of serine proteases comprising multiple catalytically inactive members (scabies mite-inactivated protease paralogs (SMIPPs)), which are secreted into the gut of S. scabiei. SMIPPs are located in the mite gut and in feces excreted into the upper epidermis. Scabies mites feed on epidermal protein, including host plasma; consequently, they are exposed to host defense mechanisms both internally and externally. We found that two recombinantly expressed SMIPPs inhibited all three pathways of the human complement system. Both SMIPPs exerted their inhibitory action due to binding of three molecules involved in the three different mechanisms which initiate complement: C1q, mannose-binding lectin, and properdin. Both SMIPPs bound to the stalk domains of C1q, possibly displacing or inhibiting C1r\/C1s, which are associated with the same domain. Furthermore, we found that binding of both SMIPPs to properdin resulted in prevention of assembly of the alternative pathway convertases. However, the SMIPPs were not able to dissociate already formed convertases. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the presence of C1q in the gut of scabies mites in skin burrows. We propose that SMIPPs minimize complement-mediated gut damage and thus create a favorable environment for the scabies mites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T20:48:22Z","timestamp":1244062102000},"page":"7809-7817","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Scabies Mite Inactivated Serine Protease Paralogs Inhibit the Human Complement System"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Frida C","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital Malm\u00f6, Lund University , Malm\u00f6,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research , Brisbane,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masego","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research , Brisbane,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M","family":"Buckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research , Brisbane,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research , Brisbane,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital Malm\u00f6, Lund University , Malm\u00f6,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032715470257100_R1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Skin infections and infestations in Aboriginal communities in northern Australia.","volume-title":"Aust. 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