{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:56:24Z","timestamp":1790913384761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection, a high frequency of HTLV-1-specific CTLs can co-exist stably with a high proviral load and the proviral load is strongly correlated with the risk of HTLV-1-associated inflammatory diseases. These observations led to the hypothesis that HTLV-1 specific CTLs are ineffective in controlling HTLV-1 replication but contribute to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory diseases. But evidence from host and viral immunogenetics and gene expression microarrays suggests that a strong CTL response is associated with a low proviral load and a low risk of HAM\/TSP. Here, we quantified the frequency, lytic activity and functional avidity of HTLV-1-specific CD8+ cells in fresh, unstimulated PBMCs from individuals with natural HTLV-1 infection. The lytic efficiency of the CD8+ T cell response\u2014the fraction of autologous HTLV-1-expressing cells eliminated per CD8+ cell per day\u2014was inversely correlated with both the proviral load and the rate of spontaneous proviral expression. The functional avidity of HTLV-1-specific CD8+ cells was strongly correlated with their lytic efficiency. We conclude that efficient control of HTLV-1 in vivo depends on the CTL lytic efficiency, which depends in turn on CTL avidity of Ag recognition. CTL quality determines the position of virus-host equilibrium in persistent HTLV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]],"date-time":"2009-04-21T01:07:38Z","timestamp":1240276058000},"page":"5723-5729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The Avidity and Lytic Efficiency of the CTL Response to HTLV-1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Tarek","family":"Kattan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"MacNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen G","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Nose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelina J","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Institute of Neurology , London,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetsu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham P","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becca","family":"Asquith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R M","family":"Bangham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807023829000_R1","first-page":"586","article-title":"Analysis of HTLV-I proviral load in 202 HAM\/TSP patients and 243 asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers: high proviral load strongly predisposes to HAM\/TSP.","volume-title":"J. 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Virol.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012807023829000_R30","first-page":"2473","article-title":"Superior control of HIV-1 replication by CD8+ T cells is reflected by their avidity, polyfunctionality, and clonal turnover.","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012807023829000_R31","first-page":"4094","article-title":"Impact of HLA-B alleles, epitope binding affinity, functional avidity, and viral coinfection on the immunodominance of virus-specific CTL responses.","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012807023829000_R32","first-page":"4102","article-title":"Virological outcome after structured interruption of antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with the functional profile of virus-specific CD8+ T cells.","volume-title":"J. 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