{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:37:46Z","timestamp":1790854666530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sialostatin L (SialoL) is a secreted cysteine protease inhibitor identified in the salivary glands of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis. In this study, we reveal the mechanisms of SialoL immunomodulatory actions on the vertebrate host. LPS-induced maturation of dendritic cells from C57BL\/6 mice was significantly reduced in the presence of SialoL. Although OVA degradation was not affected by the presence of SialoL in dendritic cell cultures, cathepsin S activity was partially inhibited, leading to an accumulation of a 10-kDa invariant chain intermediate in these cells. As a consequence, in vitro Ag-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation was inhibited in a time-dependent manner by SialoL, and further studies engaging cathepsin S\u2212\/\u2212 or cathepsin L\u2212\/\u2212 dendritic cells confirmed that the immunomodulatory actions of SialoL are mediated by inhibition of cathepsin S. Moreover, mice treated with SialoL displayed decreased early T cell expansion and recall response upon antigenic stimulation. Finally, SialoL administration during the immunization phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice significantly prevented disease symptoms, which was associated with impaired IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 production and specific T cell proliferation. These results illuminate the dual mechanism by which a human disease vector protein modulates vertebrate host immunity and reveals its potential in prevention of an autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T20:48:22Z","timestamp":1244062102000},"page":"7422-7429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The Immunomodulatory Action of Sialostatin L on Dendritic Cells Reveals Its Potential to Interfere with Autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Anderson","family":"S\u00e1-Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Rockville, MD 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Bafica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florian\u00f3polis,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lis R","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo M B","family":"Francischetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Rockville, MD 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Rockville, MD 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triantafyllos","family":"Chavakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Rockville, MD 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalis","family":"Kotsyfakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Rockville, MD 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032715465366600_R1","first-page":"157","article-title":"The role of vector saliva in transmission of arthropod-borne disease.","volume-title":"Parasitol Today","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025032715465366600_R2","first-page":"151","article-title":"The Ixodes scapularis Genome Project: an opportunity for advancing tick research.","volume-title":"Trends Parasitol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025032715465366600_R3","first-page":"107","article-title":"Lyme disease \u2014 United States, 2001\u20132002.","volume-title":"Morbid. 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Parasitol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025032715465366600_R10","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Saliva of the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes dammini, blocks cell activation by a nonprostaglandin E2-dependent mechanism.","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025032715465366600_R11","first-page":"279","article-title":"Saliva of Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick impairs T cell proliferation and IFN-\u03b3-induced macrophage microbicidal activity.","volume-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032715465366600_R12","first-page":"192","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effects of Ixodes ricinus tick saliva or salivary gland extracts on innate and acquired immune response of BALB\/c mice.","volume-title":"Parasitol. Res.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025032715465366600_R13","first-page":"332","article-title":"Antihemostatic, antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties of the saliva of a tick, Ixodes dammini.","volume-title":"J. Exp. 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Targets","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/182\/12\/7422\/62686546\/9202.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/182\/12\/7422\/62686546\/9202.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T16:29:20Z","timestamp":1743352160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/182\/12\/7422\/8007056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0900075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-6606","0022-1767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}