{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:31:16Z","timestamp":1792571476832,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) shows variable blood-brain barrier penetration. This may affect the development of neurological complications of HIV infection. In attempts to attenuate viral growth for the nervous system, cell-based nanoformulations were developed with the focus on improving drug pharmacokinetics. We reasoned that ART carriage could be facilitated within blood-borne macrophages traveling across the blood-brain barrier. To test this idea, an HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE) rodent model was used where HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages were stereotactically injected into the subcortex of severe combined immunodeficient mice. ART was prepared using indinavir (IDV) nanoparticles (NP, nanoART) loaded into murine bone marrow macrophages (BMM, IDV-NP-BMM) after ex vivo cultivation. IDV-NP-BMM was administered i.v. to mice resulting in continuous IDV release for 14 days. Rhodamine-labeled IDV-NP was readily observed in areas of HIVE and specifically in brain subregions with active astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neuronal loss. IDV-NP-BMM treatment led to robust IDV levels and reduced HIV-1 replication in HIVE brain regions. We conclude that nanoART targeting to diseased brain through macrophage carriage is possible and can be considered in developmental therapeutics for HIV-associated neurological disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]],"date-time":"2009-06-17T21:32:20Z","timestamp":1245274340000},"page":"661-669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Macrophage Delivery of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drug to the Brain in a Murine Model of NeuroAIDS"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassi B","family":"Grotepas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoEllyn M","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Destache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University , Omaha, NE 68178"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Chaubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxter Healthcare Corporation , Round Lake, IL 60073"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Werling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxter Healthcare Corporation , Round Lake, IL 60073"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxter Healthcare Corporation , Round Lake, IL 60073"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barrett","family":"Rabinow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxter Healthcare Corporation , Round Lake, IL 60073"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard E","family":"Gendelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012811271274000_R1","first-page":"1789","article-title":"Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.","volume-title":"Neurology","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012811271274000_R2","first-page":"967","article-title":"Multinucleated giant cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome encephalopathy: origin from endogenous microglia?.","volume-title":"Arch. 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