{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:57:25Z","timestamp":1791115045539,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic infections are caused by microorganisms that display effective immune evasion mechanisms. Dendritic cell (DC)-dependent T cell-mediated adaptive immunity is one of the mechanisms that have evolved to prevent the occurrence of chronic bacterial infections. In turn, bacterial pathogens have developed strategies to evade immune recognition. In this study, we show that Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria differ in their ability to activate DCs and that Gram-negative bacteria are far more effective inducers of DC maturation. Moreover, we observed that only Gram-negative bacteria can induce loss of adhesive podosome structures in DCs, a response necessary for the induction of effective DC migration. We demonstrate that the ability of Gram-negative bacteria to trigger podosome turnover and induce DC migration reflects their capacity to selectively activate TLR4. Examining mice defective in TLR4 signaling, we show that this DC maturation and migration are mainly Toll\/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN\u03b2-dependent. Furthermore, we show that these processes depend on the production of PGs by these DCs, suggesting a direct link between TLR4-mediated signaling and arachidonic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria profoundly differ in their capacity to activate DCs. We propose that this inability of Gram-positive bacteria to induce DC maturation and migration is part of the armamentarium necessary for avoiding the induction of an effective cellular immune response and may explain the frequent involvement of these pathogens in chronic infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T20:54:30Z","timestamp":1262033670000},"page":"1280-1291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["TLR4-Mediated Podosome Loss Discriminates Gram-Negative from Gram-Positive Bacteria in Their Capacity to Induce Dendritic Cell Migration and Maturation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Suzanne F G","family":"van Helden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Immunology , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"van den Dries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Immunology , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Machteld M","family":"Oud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Immunology , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinier A P","family":"Raymakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank N","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl G","family":"Figdor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Immunology , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012808093477800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","article-title":"TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein.","volume":"308","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026012808093477800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2038","article-title":"Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence.","volume":"7","author":"Trinchieri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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