{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:50:48Z","timestamp":1790250648971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,27]],"date-time":"2009-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have previously shown that bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) inactivated by extended freeze-drying (EFD) reduces airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas live and heat-killed BCG fail to do so. However, the cells involved in the protective effect and the signaling and transcriptional networks that could reprogram T cell commitment after EFD BCG treatment remained to be elucidated. We investigated whether EFD BCG targets plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) potentially involved in the polarization of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the transcriptional factors that regulate allergic inflammation. OVA-sensitized mice were s.c. injected with EFD, live, or heat-killed BCG. We analyzed after the injection of the various BCG preparations: 1) pDCs recruited in the draining lymph nodes (day 4); 2) transcription factors involved in inflammation and T cell commitment in spleen and lungs after OVA challenge (day 28). Airway hyperresponsiveness and transcription factors were determined after in vivo depletion of pDCs or Tregs in EFD BCG-treated and OVA-challenged mice. EFD BCG reduced inflammation via the recruitment of pDCs polarizing the differentiation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes into Tregs. In vivo, pDC or Treg depletion at the time of EFD BCG treatment abrogated the protection against inflammation. EFD BCG treatment upregulated Forkhead-winged helix transcription factor (Treg signature) and downregulated GATA-3 and ROR\u03b3t (Th2 and Th17 signatures) more efficiently than live and heat-killed BCG. Moreover, only EFD BCG enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 expression and blocked NF-\u03baB activation, cyclooxygenase expression, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. EFD BCG reduced allergic inflammation by recruiting pDCs that promoted Tregs; EFD BCG acted as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 agonist and thus could be used in asthma and other inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]],"date-time":"2009-12-09T22:26:22Z","timestamp":1260397582000},"page":"1062-1070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\n                    Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Killed by Extended Freeze-Drying Targets Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells To Regulate Lung Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Micheline","family":"Lagranderie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunoth\u00e9rapie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abolhassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunoth\u00e9rapie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen A J","family":"Vanoirbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Butantan Institute , Sao Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Balazuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme de Cytom\u00e9trie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B Boris","family":"Vargaftig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pharmacologie Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Marchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunoth\u00e9rapie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012808092581300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.255","article-title":"Immunologic basis of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.","volume":"17","author":"Wills-Karp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. 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