{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:25:05Z","timestamp":1791401105499,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nitrated \u03b1-synuclein (N\u2013\u03b1-syn) immunization elicits adaptive immune responses to novel antigenic epitopes that exacerbate neuroinflammation and nigrostriatal degeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. We show that such neuroimmune degenerative activities, in significant measure, are Th17 cell-mediated, with CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) dysfunction seen among populations of N\u2013\u03b1-syn\u2013induced T cells. In contrast, purified vasoactive intestinal peptide induced and natural Tregs reversed N\u2013\u03b1-syn T cell nigrostriatal degeneration. Combinations of adoptively transferred N\u2013\u03b1-syn and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunocytes or natural Tregs administered to MPTP mice attenuated microglial inflammatory responses and led to robust nigrostriatal protection. Taken together, these results demonstrate Treg control of N\u2013\u03b1-syn\u2013induced neurodestructive immunity and, as such, provide a sound rationale for future Parkinson\u2019s disease immunization strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T22:59:58Z","timestamp":1264805998000},"page":"2261-2271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":368,"title":["Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Th17 Cell-Mediated Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in a Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Ashley D","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A L","family":"Hutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J","family":"Benner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Lee","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard E","family":"Gendelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032603483512900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5493.985","article-title":"Oxidative damage linked to neurodegeneration by selective alpha-synuclein nitration in synucleinopathy lesions.","volume":"290","author":"Giasson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025032603483512900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/42166","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies.","volume":"388","author":"Spillantini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025032603483512900_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001376","article-title":"Nitrated alpha-synuclein immunity accelerates degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons.","volume":"3","author":"Benner","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025032603483512900_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2740","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002740","article-title":"Adaptive immune neuroprotection in G93A-SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice.","volume":"3","author":"Banerjee","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025032603483512900_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31818e5e99","article-title":"Targeted overexpression of human alpha-synuclein triggers microglial activation and an adaptive immune response in a mouse model of Parkinson disease.","volume":"67","author":"Theodore","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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