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We also show directly that cross-reactive T cells mediate protective heterologous immunity in mice. Subsets of T cell populations reactive with one epitope cross-reacted with either of several other epitopes encoded by the same or the heterologous virus. Human T cells specific to EBV-encoded BMLF1280\u2013288 could be cross-reactive with two influenza A virus or two other EBV epitopes. Mouse T cells specific to the vaccinia virus-encoded a11r198\u2013205 could be cross-reactive with three different lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, one Pichinde virus, or one other vaccinia virus epitope. Patterns of cross-reactivity differed among individuals, reflecting the private specificities of the host\u2019s immune repertoire and divergence in the abilities of T cell populations to mediate protective immunity. Defining such cross-reactive networks between commonly encountered human pathogens may facilitate the design of vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,17]],"date-time":"2010-02-17T22:12:04Z","timestamp":1266444724000},"page":"2825-2838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["CD8 T Cell Cross-Reactivity Networks Mediate Heterologous Immunity in Human EBV and Murine Vaccinia Virus Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Cornberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalyn C","family":"Clute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01655"},{"name":"Discovery Research , Medarex, Milpitas, CA 95035"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levi B","family":"Watkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01655"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances M","family":"Saccoccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Kwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri N","family":"Naumov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01655"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuray","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond M","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01655"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liisa K","family":"Selin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01655"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806342844700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nri820","article-title":"No one is naive: the significance of heterologous T-cell immunity.","volume":"2","author":"Welsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. 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