{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T11:09:28Z","timestamp":1788692968876,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neisseria lactamica is a commensal bacteria that colonizes the human upper respiratory tract mucosa during early childhood. In contrast to the closely related opportunistic pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, there is an absence of adaptive cell-mediated immunity to N. lactamica during the peak age of carriage. Instead, outer membrane vesicles derived from N. lactamica mediate a B cell-dependent proliferative response in mucosal mononuclear cells that is associated with the production of polyclonal IgM. We demonstrate in this study that this is a mitogenic human B cell response that occurs independently of T cell help and any other accessory cell population. The ability to drive B cell proliferation is a highly conserved property and is present in N. lactamica strains derived from diverse clonal complexes. CFSE staining of purified human tonsillar B cells demonstrated that naive IgD+ and CD27\u2212 B cells are selectively induced to proliferate by outer membrane vesicles, including the innate CD5+ subset. Neither purified lipooligosaccharide nor PorB from N. lactamica is likely to be responsible for this activity. Prior treatment of B cells with pronase to remove cell-surface Ig or treatment with BCR-specific Abs abrogated the proliferative response to N. lactamica outer membrane vesicles, suggesting that this mitogenic response is dependent upon the BCR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,14]],"date-time":"2010-08-14T02:20:16Z","timestamp":1281752416000},"page":"3652-3660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["<i>Neisseria lactamica<\/i> Selectively Induces Mitogenic Proliferation of the Naive B Cell Pool via Cell Surface Ig"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Bristol , Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise S","family":"Brackenbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Bristol , Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England , Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Gorringe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response , Porton Down, Salisbury ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Heyderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Bristol , Bristol"},{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust, Clinical Research Programme , Chichiri, Blantyre ,","place":["Malawi"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Bristol , Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411544441700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5505.881","article-title":"Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine","volume":"291","author":"Hooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025032411544441700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-14-1-51","article-title":"The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates","volume":"14","author":"Rotimi","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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