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This organism has sparked much scientific interest in the West because of its classification as a potential bioterrorism agent by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, relatively little is known about its pathogenesis. We demonstrate that B. pseudomallei actively inhibits NF-\u03baB and type I IFN pathway activation, thereby downregulating host inflammatory responses. We found the virulence factor TssM to be responsible for this activity. TssM interferes with the ubiquitination of critical signaling intermediates, including TNFR-associated factor-3, TNFR-associated factor-6, and I\u03baB\u03b1. The expression but not secretion of TssM is regulated by the type III secretion system. We demonstrate that TssM is important for B. pseudomallei infection in vivo as inflammation in the tssM mutant-infected mice is more severe and corresponds to a more rapid death compared with wild-type bacteria-infected mice. Abs to TssM can be detected in the sera of melioidosis patients, indicating that TssM is functionally expressed in vivo and thus could contribute to bacterial pathogenesis in human melioidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]],"date-time":"2010-03-25T03:44:58Z","timestamp":1269488698000},"page":"5160-5171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Suppression of Host Innate Immune Response by <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/i> through the Virulence Factor TssM"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Kai Soo","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaw-Chyn","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Department of Physiology"},{"name":"Immunology Program, National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gek-Yen Gladys","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Defence Science Organization National Laboratories ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Defence Science Organization National Laboratories ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Ting","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"MacAry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, National University of Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunn-Hwen","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry"},{"name":"Immunology Program, National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032710231286000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.649","article-title":"The NF-\u03baB and I\u03baB proteins: new discoveries and insights.","volume":"14","author":"Baldwin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. 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