{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:00:18Z","timestamp":1790823618456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CD22 and Siglec-G are inhibitory coreceptors for BCR-mediated signaling. Although CD22-deficient mice show increased calcium signaling in their conventional B2 cells and a quite normal B cell maturation, Siglec-G\u2013deficient mice have increased calcium mobilization just in B1 cells and show a large expansion of the B1 cell population. Neither CD22-deficient, nor Siglec-G\u2013deficient mice on a pure C57BL\/6 or BALB\/c background, respectively, develop autoimmunity. Using Siglec-G \u00d7 CD22 double-deficient mice, we addressed whether Siglec-G and CD22 have redundant functions. Siglec-G \u00d7 CD22 double-deficient mice show elevated calcium responses in both B1 cells and B2 cells, increased serum IgM levels and an enlarged population of B1 cells. The enlargement of B1 cell numbers is even higher than in Siglecg\u2212\/\u2212 mice. This expansion seems to happen at the expense of B2 cells, which are reduced in absolute cell numbers, but show an activated phenotype. Furthermore, Siglec-G \u00d7 CD22 double-deficient mice show a diminished immune response to both thymus-dependent and thymus-independent type II Ags. In contrast, B cells from Siglec-G \u00d7 CD22 double-deficient mice exhibit a hyperproliferative response to stimulation with several TLR ligands. Aged Siglec-G \u00d7 CD22 double-deficient mice spontaneously develop anti-DNA and antinuclear autoantibodies. These resulted in a moderate form of immune complex glomerulonephritis. These results show that Siglec-G and CD22 have partly compensatory functions and together are crucial in maintaining the B cell tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T22:44:45Z","timestamp":1267656285000},"page":"3618-3627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["CD22 \u00d7 Siglec-G Double-Deficient Mice Have Massively Increased B1 Cell Numbers and Develop Systemic Autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Jellusova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Wellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparrtment of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Amann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparrtment of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806294967400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80418-5","article-title":"The CD19-CD21 complex regulates signal transduction thresholds governing humoral immunity and autoimmunity.","volume":"6","author":"Tedder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026012806294967400_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.03.005","article-title":"The role of CD22 and other inhibitory co-receptors in B-cell activation.","volume":"17","author":"Nitschke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. 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