{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:31:59Z","timestamp":1789975919513,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]],"date-time":"2010-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Generalized vitiligo is thought to have an autoimmune etiology and has been correlated with the presence of CD8 T cells specific for melanocyte differentiation Ag. However, limited animal models for the disease have hampered its understanding. Thus, we generated TCR transgenic mice that recognize an epitope of the melanocyte protein, tyrosinase. These animals develop vitiligo with strikingly similar characteristics to the human disease. Vitiligo develops temporally and spatially, with juvenile lesions forming bilaterally in head and facial areas, and only arising later in the body of adult animals. Vitiligo is entirely dependent on CD8 T cells, whereas CD4 T cells exert a negative regulatory effect. Importantly, CD8 T cells can be pervasively present in the skin in the steady state without inducing vitiligo in most areas. This points to developmental differences in melanocyte susceptibility and\/or immunological effector mechanisms over time, or in different body locations. Disease is strongly dependent on both IFN-\u03b3 and CXCR3, whereas dependence on CCR5 is more limited, and both CCR4 and perforin are dispensable. Genetic ablation of CXCR3 or IFN-\u03b3 also resulted in scarce CD8 T cell infiltration into the skin. Our results identify unexpected complexity in vitiligo development and point toward possible therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]],"date-time":"2010-01-18T21:40:27Z","timestamp":1263850827000},"page":"1909-1917","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Mechanisms of Spatial and Temporal Development of Autoimmune Vitiligo in Tyrosinase-Specific TCR Transgenic Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Randal K","family":"Gregg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carter Immunology Center"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, VA 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carter Immunology Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carter Immunology Center"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, VA 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor H","family":"Engelhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carter Immunology Center"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, VA 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806263761400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1999.tb02067.x","article-title":"Vitiligo: clinical findings in 1436 patients.","volume":"26","author":"Handa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Vitiligo.","volume":"14","author":"Huggins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Alp. Panonica Adriat."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r3","first-page":"160","article-title":"Clinical practice.","volume":"360","author":"Taieb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vitiligo. N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.6.1203","article-title":"High frequency of skin-homing melanocyte-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune vitiligo.","volume":"188","author":"Ogg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01408.x","article-title":"Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against Melan-A\/MART1, tyrosinase and gp100 in vitiligo by the use of major histocompatibility complex\/peptide tetramers: the role of cellular immunity in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo.","volume":"117","author":"Palermo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00038.x","article-title":"Melanocyte-specific immune response in melanoma and vitiligo: two faces of the same coin?","volume":"16","author":"Wankowicz-Kalinska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000069521.42488.1B","article-title":"Immunopolarization","volume":"83","author":"Wa\u0144kowicz-Kali\u0144ska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.32","article-title":"Autoimmune destruction of skin melanocytes by perilesional T cells from vitiligo patients.","volume":"129","author":"van den Boorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000131485","article-title":"Autoimmune etiology of generalized vitiligo.","volume":"10","author":"Le Poole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Autoimmun."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00664.x","article-title":"Identification of epitopes on tyrosinase which are recognized by autoantibodies from patients with vitiligo.","volume":"113","author":"Kemp","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214643","article-title":"The melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1, a novel target of autoantibody responses in vitiligo.","volume":"109","author":"Kemp","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12324456","article-title":"In vivo destruction of melanocytes by the IgG fraction of serum from patients with vitiligo.","volume":"105","author":"Gilhar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199704000-00001","article-title":"Melanosomal proteins as melanoma-specific immune targets.","volume":"3","author":"Sakai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1637","article-title":"Melanocyte destruction after antigen-specific immunotherapy of melanoma: direct evidence of t cell-mediated vitiligo.","volume":"192","author":"Yee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076514","article-title":"Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes.","volume":"298","author":"Dudley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1533209100","article-title":"Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma.","volume":"100","author":"Phan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8978","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.6816","article-title":"Immunogenicity, including vitiligo, and feasibility of vaccination with autologous GM-CSF-transduced tumor cells in metastatic melanoma patients.","volume":"23","author":"Luiten","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.12.1532","article-title":"Nonsurgical repigmentation therapies in vitiligo. Meta-analysis of the literature.","volume":"134","author":"Njoo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00023.x","article-title":"Evidence for an autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo.","volume":"16","author":"Ongenae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00013.x","article-title":"Further evidence for involvement of both cell mediated and humoral immunity in generalized vitiligo.","volume":"7","author":"Abdel-Naser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711690205","article-title":"Abnormal expression of MHC class II and ICAM-1 by melanocytes in vitiligo.","volume":"169","author":"al Badri","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199708000-00014","article-title":"Analysis of the lymphocytic infiltrate in a case of vitiligo.","volume":"19","author":"Horn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3055","article-title":"CD4 T cell-dependent autoimmunity against a melanocyte neoantigen induces spontaneous vitiligo and depends upon Fas-Fas ligand interactions.","volume":"177","author":"Lambe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r24","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Presence of T cells and macrophages in inflammatory vitiligo skin parallels melanocyte disappearance.","volume":"148","author":"Le Poole","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.7.1221","article-title":"Self-tolerance to the murine homologue of a tyrosinase-derived melanoma antigen: implications for tumor immunotherapy.","volume":"191","author":"Colella","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r26","first-page":"S272","article-title":"Direct identification of human tumor-associated peptide antigens and a preclinical model to evaluate their use.","volume":"6","author":"Engelhard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.4853","article-title":"Immune responses to the HLA-A*0201-restricted epitopes of tyrosinase and glycoprotein 100 enable control of melanoma outgrowth in HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice.","volume":"167","author":"Mullins","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.2.527","article-title":"An HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase antigen on melanoma cells results from posttranslational modification and suggests a novel pathway for processing of membrane proteins.","volume":"183","author":"Skipper","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r29","first-page":"199","article-title":"Molecular analysis of viable spontaneous and radiation-induced albino (c)-locus mutations in the mouse.","volume":"286","author":"Rinchik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(06)90007-8","article-title":"Immunity to melanoma antigens: from self-tolerance to immunotherapy.","volume":"90","author":"Slingluff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2002.18812.x","article-title":"Antigens derived from melanocyte differentiation proteins: self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and use for cancer immunotherapy.","volume":"188","author":"Engelhard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.993","article-title":"Deletional self-tolerance to a melanocyte\/melanoma antigen derived from tyrosinase is mediated by a radio-resistant cell in peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes.","volume":"179","author":"Nichols","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/ni723","article-title":"Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self.","volume":"2","author":"Derbinski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/23495","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CCR4 in vascular recognition by cutaneous but not intestinal memory T cells.","volume":"400","author":"Campbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425885","article-title":"CXCR3 is required for migration to dermal inflammation by normal and in vivo activated T cells: differential requirements by CD4 and CD8 memory subsets.","volume":"35","author":"Mohan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000166338.99933.e1","article-title":"A novel small-molecule compound targeting CCR5 and CXCR3 prevents acute and chronic allograft rejection.","volume":"80","author":"Akashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.03.007","article-title":"T-cell homing specificity and plasticity: new concepts and future challenges.","volume":"27","author":"Mora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(05)68006-4","article-title":"Chemokine receptor CXCR3: an unexpected enigma.","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200206)32:6<1792::AID-IMMU1792>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Induction of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on TCR-stimulated T cells: dependence on the release from persistent TCR-triggering and requirement for IFN-gamma stimulation.","volume":"32","author":"Nakajima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.12.005","article-title":"Chemokines: multiple levels of leukocyte migration control.","volume":"25","author":"Moser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00223-9","article-title":"Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and cell signaling cascades.","volume":"28","author":"Hubbard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252","article-title":"Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions.","volume":"75","author":"Schroder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03860.x","article-title":"Analysis of islet inflammation in human type 1 diabetes.","volume":"155","author":"Willcox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2481","article-title":"Cell signalling in macrophages, the principal innate immune effector cells of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"10","author":"Drexler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3282fee94a","article-title":"Models of multiple sclerosis: new insights into pathophysiology and repair.","volume":"21","author":"Lassmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","article-title":"The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization.","volume":"25","author":"Mantovani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-034066","article-title":"CTLA-4 dysregulation of self\/tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cell function is CD4+ T-cell dependent.","volume":"108","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-120998","article-title":"Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma.","volume":"112","author":"Muranski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2007.00399.x","article-title":"Vitiligo puzzle: the pieces fall in place.","volume":"20","author":"Westerhof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10101","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804286105","article-title":"CXCR4-CCR5: a couple modulating T cell functions.","volume":"105","author":"Contento","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02966.x","article-title":"Induction of copper\/zinc-superoxide dismutase by CCL5\/CCR5 activation causes tumour necrosis factor-alpha and reactive oxygen species production in macrophages.","volume":"128","author":"Qiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0503206","article-title":"Macrophage activation through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated gp120-elicited signaling pathways.","volume":"74","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12289702","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing IFN-gamma in the epidermis have eczema, hair hypopigmentation, and hair loss.","volume":"108","author":"Carroll","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780138","article-title":"Local immune response in skin of generalized vitiligo patients. Destruction of melanocytes is associated with the prominent presence of CLA+ T cells at the perilesional site.","volume":"80","author":"van den Wijngaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021639","article-title":"Analysis of IFN-gamma-induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in hepatocytes.","volume":"121","author":"Kano","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biochem."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205255","article-title":"IFNgamma sensitizes for apoptosis by upregulating caspase-8 expression through the Stat1 pathway.","volume":"21","author":"Fulda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S97","article-title":"Mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: many differences, few similarities.","volume":"54","author":"Cnop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199910)181:1<45::AID-JCP5>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Susceptibility to FAS-induced apoptosis in human nontumoral enterocytes: role of costimulatory factors.","volume":"181","author":"Ruemmele","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400537","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by IFNgamma in human neuroblastoma cell lines through the CD95\/CD95L autocrine circuit.","volume":"6","author":"Bernassola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2026012806263761400_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00408.x","article-title":"Analysis of apoptotic cell death in human hair follicles in vivo and in vitro.","volume":"111","author":"Soma","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/184\/4\/1909\/62720751\/ji_0902778.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/184\/4\/1909\/62720751\/ji_0902778.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:28:24Z","timestamp":1769599704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/184\/4\/1909\/8006728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0902778","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-6606","0022-1767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]]}}}