{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:48:51Z","timestamp":1791114531366,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Viruses use a wide range of strategies to modulate the host immune response. The human gammaherpesvirus EBV, causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and several malignant tumors, encodes proteins that subvert immune responses, notably those mediated by T cells. Less is known about EBV interference with innate immunity, more specifically at the level of TLR-mediated pathogen recognition. The viral dsDNA sensor TLR9 is expressed on B cells, a natural target of EBV infection. Here, we show that EBV particles trigger innate immune signaling pathways through TLR9. Furthermore, using an in vitro system for productive EBV infection, it has now been possible to compare the expression of TLRs by EBV\u2212 and EBV+ human B cells during the latent and lytic phases of infection. Several TLRs were found to be differentially expressed either in latently EBV-infected cells or after induction of the lytic cycle. In particular, TLR9 expression was profoundly decreased at both the RNA and protein levels during productive EBV infection. We identified the EBV lytic-phase protein BGLF5 as a protein that contributes to downregulating TLR9 levels through RNA degradation. Reducing the levels of a pattern-recognition receptor capable of sensing the presence of EBV provides a mechanism by which the virus could obstruct host innate antiviral responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,30]],"date-time":"2010-12-30T01:53:49Z","timestamp":1293674029000},"page":"1694-1702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["EBV Lytic-Phase Protein BGLF5 Contributes to TLR9 Downregulation during Productive Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Michiel","family":"van Gent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , 3508 GA Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan D","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , 3508 GA Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eufemia G","family":"Berkhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid G J","family":"Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , 3508 GA Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlyse","family":"Buisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI3265 University Joseph Fourier, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Center for Scientific Research , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca C","family":"Hartgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim P","family":"Burmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UMI3265 University Joseph Fourier, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Center for Scientific Research , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel J","family":"Wiertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , 3508 GA Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike E","family":"Ressing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , 3508 GA Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411020229600_r1","first-page":"2655","volume-title":"Field\u2019s Virology, 5th Ed.","author":"Rickinson","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025032411020229600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100209","article-title":"Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases","volume":"1","author":"Kutok","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. 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