{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:59:26Z","timestamp":1790139566535,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Development of long-term humoral immunity, characterized by the formation of long-lived plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow and memory B cells, is a critical component of protective immunity to pathogens, and as such it is the major goal of vaccination. However, the mechanisms involved in the generation of long-term humoral immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we used IL-21R\u2013deficient (IL-21R.KO) mice to examine the role of the IL-21 pathway in the development of the B cell memory response. Primary IgG serum Ab responses to the T cell-dependent Ag 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) hapten conjugated to chicken \u03b3 globulin were delayed in IL-21R.KO mice, but reached normal titers within 3 to 4 wk of immunization. IL-21R.KO mice formed germinal centers and generated normal numbers of PCs in their bone marrow. Additionally, memory B cell formation was similar in wild-type and IL-21R.KO mice. However, NP-specific memory B cells and PCs failed to expand following secondary immunization of IL-21R.KO mice, and consequently, secondary IgG Ab responses to NP hapten conjugated to chicken \u03b3 globulin were significantly impaired. These results identify the IL-21 pathway as a critical component of the memory B cell response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,18]],"date-time":"2010-12-18T04:50:06Z","timestamp":1292647806000},"page":"667-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["IL-21 Receptor Is Critical for the Development of Memory B Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Andrew L","family":"Rankin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"MacLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Keegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Andreyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laird","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Nickerson-Nutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath","family":"Guay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411000016500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00058.x","article-title":"Extrafollicular antibody responses","volume":"194","author":"MacLennan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol. 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