{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:10:46Z","timestamp":1790475046419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although most cells are thought to respond to IFNs, there is limited information regarding specific cells that respond in vivo. Viperin is an IFN-induced antiviral protein and, therefore, is an excellent marker for IFN-responsive cells. In this study, we analyzed viperin expression in vivo during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong infection, which induces high levels of type I IFNs, and in persistently infected lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus carrier mice, which contain low levels of type I IFNs. Viperin was induced in lymphoid cells and dendritic cells (DCs) during acute infection and highly induced in neutrophils and macrophages. The expression kinetics in neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells paralleled IFN-\u03b1 levels, but DCs expressed viperin with delayed kinetics. In carrier mice, viperin was expressed in neutrophils and macrophages but not in T and B cells or DCs. For acutely infected and carrier mice, viperin expression was IFN dependent, because treating type I IFNR knockout mice with IFN-\u03b3\u2013neutralizing Abs inhibited viperin expression. Viperin localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet-like vesicles in neutrophils. These findings delineate the kinetics and cells responding to IFNs in vivo and suggest that the profile of IFN-responsive cells changes in chronic infections. Furthermore, these data suggest that viperin may contribute to the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,21]],"date-time":"2010-04-21T23:16:02Z","timestamp":1271891762000},"page":"5723-5731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Viperin Is Highly Induced in Neutrophils and Macrophages during Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Ella R","family":"Hinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil S","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan H","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Rahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Woo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Transfer and Somatic Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Kaech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Cresswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806325944400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83391-0","article-title":"Interferons and viruses: an interplay between induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures.","volume":"89","author":"Randall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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