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In this study, we find that although primary effector CTL development is modestly decreased in the absence of IL-2, the persistence of short-term and long-term effector memory CD8+ T cells on pathogen clearance is greatly diminished. Furthermore, secondary challenge of CD8+ memory T cells lacking the high-avidity IL-2R results in a failure to repopulate the effector pool. The role of IL-2 in promoting effector differentiation is not shared with the highly related cytokine, IL-15. Although IL-15 supports the survival of effector CD8+ T cells after pathogen clearance, its absence does not impair either primary or secondary effector CTL differentiation, nor does it impact the differentiation of long-term effector memory CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate a unique role for IL-2, but not IL-15, in promoting the differentiation not only of primary effector CD8+ T cells, but also of CD8+ memory T cells capable of secondary effector differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,14]],"date-time":"2010-05-14T22:15:52Z","timestamp":1273875352000},"page":"6719-6730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Distinct Roles for IL-2 and IL-15 in the Differentiation and Survival of CD8+ Effector and Memory T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Diana M","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene V","family":"Ravkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806353653000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.007","article-title":"Heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions in effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation during viral infection.","volume":"27","author":"Kaech","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026012806353653000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141548","article-title":"Effector and memory CTL differentiation.","volume":"25","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. 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