{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:44:27Z","timestamp":1791308667974,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Virus-specific CD4+ T cells optimize antiviral responses by providing help for antiviral humoral responses and CD8+ T cell differentiation. Although CD4+ T cell responses to viral infections that undergo complete clearance have been studied extensively, less is known about virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses to viruses that persistently infect their hosts. Using a mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) infection model, we previously demonstrated that CD4+ T cells are essential for recruiting naive MPyV-specific CD8+ T cells in persistently infected mice. In this study, we defined two dominant MPyV-specific CD4+ T cell populations, one directed toward an epitope derived from the nonstructural large T Ag and the other from the major viral capsid protein of MPyV. These MPyV-specific CD4+ T cells vary in terms of their magnitude, functional profile, and phenotype during acute and persistent phases of infection. Using a minimally myeloablative-mixed bone marrow chimerism approach, we further show that naive virus-specific CD4+ T cells, like anti-MPyV CD8+ T cells, are primed de novo during persistent virus infection. In summary, these findings reveal quantitative and qualitative differences in the CD4+ T cell response to a persistent virus infection and demonstrate that naive antiviral CD4+ T cells are recruited during chronic polyomavirus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]],"date-time":"2010-07-12T10:31:50Z","timestamp":1278930710000},"page":"1692-1700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Heterogeneity among Viral Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells and Their De Novo Recruitment during Persistent Polyomavirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Eugene","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C","family":"Kemball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Hadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarad J","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia R","family":"Hofstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Pack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aron E","family":"Lukacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411440337000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00388.x","article-title":"CD4+ T-cell memory: generation and multi-faceted roles for CD4+ T cells in protective immunity to influenza","volume":"211","author":"Swain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. 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