{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:01:14Z","timestamp":1792112474164,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease characterized by focal accumulation of lipid and inflammatory cells. It is the number one cause of deaths in the Western world because of its complications of heart attacks and strokes. Statins are effective in only approximately one third of patients, underscoring the urgent need for additional therapies. B cells that accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions and the aortic adventitia of humans and mice are considered to protect against atherosclerosis development. Unexpectedly, we found that selective B cell depletion in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE\u2212\/\u2212) mice using a well-characterized mAb to mouse CD20 reduced atherosclerosis development and progression without affecting the hyperlipidemia imposed by a high-fat diet. Adoptive transfer of 5 \u00d7 106 or 5 \u00d7 107 conventional B2 B cells but not 5 \u00d7 106 B1 B cells to a lymphocyte-deficient ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 Rag-2\u2212\/\u2212 common cytokine receptor \u03b3-chain\u2013deficient mouse that was fed a high-fat diet augmented atherosclerosis by 72%. Transfer of 5 \u00d7 106 B2 B cells to an ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mouse deficient only in B cells aggravated atherosclerosis by &amp;gt;300%. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the hitherto unrecognized proatherogenic role of conventional B2 cells. The data indicate that B2 cells can potently promote atherosclerosis development entirely on their own in the total absence of all other lymphocyte populations. Additionally, these B2 cells can also significantly augment atherosclerosis development in the presence of T cells and all other lymphocyte populations. Our findings raise the prospect of B cell depletion as a therapeutic approach to inhibit atherosclerosis development and progression in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,3]],"date-time":"2010-09-03T23:05:04Z","timestamp":1283555104000},"page":"4410-4419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":298,"title":["Conventional B2 B Cell Depletion Ameliorates whereas Its Adoptive Transfer Aggravates Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Tin","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Dumouchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merilyn","family":"Kehry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen Idec , San Diego, CA 92122"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen Idec , San Diego, CA 92122"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Agrotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tipping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Bobik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ban-Hock","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411593021300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH774>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Adventitial infiltrates associated with advanced atherosclerotic plaques: structural organization suggests generation of local humoral immune responses","volume":"193","author":"Houtkamp","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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