{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:40:36Z","timestamp":1790757636616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recent studies have demonstrated that plasticity of naturally occurring CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) may account for their inability to control chronic inflammation in established autoimmune diseases. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the active derivative of vitamin A, has been demonstrated to promote Foxp3+ Treg differentiation and suppress Th17 development. In this study, we report a vital role of atRA in sustaining the stability and functionality of nTregs in the presence of IL-6. We found that nTregs treated with atRA were resistant to Th17 and other Th cell conversion and maintained Foxp3 expression and suppressive activity in the presence of IL-6 in vitro. atRA decreased IL-6R expression and signaling by nTregs. Of interest, adoptive transfer of nTregs even from arthritic mice treated with atRA suppressed progression of established collagen-induced arthritis. We suggest that nTregs treated with atRA may represent a novel treatment strategy to control established chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]],"date-time":"2010-08-03T03:10:33Z","timestamp":1280805033000},"page":"2675-2679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Cutting Edge: All-<i>Trans<\/i> Retinoic Acid Sustains the Stability and Function of Natural Regulatory T Cells in an Inflammatory Milieu"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of South California , Los Angeles, CA 90033"},{"name":"Immune Tolerance Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of South California , Los Angeles, CA 90033"},{"name":"Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of South California , Los Angeles, CA 90033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiming","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Tolerance Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejian","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Horwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of South California , Los Angeles, CA 90033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis, TN 38104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Tolerance Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Guo","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of South California , Los Angeles, CA 90033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411503136800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1178","article-title":"Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self","volume":"6","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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