{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:55:58Z","timestamp":1791064558271,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>CD4 T cells are principal producers of IL-21 and are often required for optimal CD8 T cell responses. Therefore, we investigated the importance of IL-21 in determining the phenotypic attributes, functional quality, and maintenance of antiviral CD8 T cells following acute infection with the prototypic mouse pathogen lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Previous reports have documented an obligatory role for IL-21 in sustaining CD8 T cell responses during chronic infections. Here we show that the requirements for IL-21 are less stringent following acute infections; however, in the absence of IL-21, the capacity of CD8 T cells to attain the polyfunctional trait of IL-2 production is consistently reduced during both the effector and memory phases. This is further supported by in vitro studies showing that the addition of IL-21 promotes the differentiation of IL-2\u2013producing CD8 T cells. Although the generation of memory CD8 T cells, which are capable of mounting protective recall responses, proceeds independently of IL-21, we demonstrate that IL-21 does function to support secondary responses, especially under competitive conditions. Collectively, these studies highlight the potential roles of IL-21 in determining the quality of CD8 T cell responses postinfection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]],"date-time":"2010-09-16T02:27:36Z","timestamp":1284604056000},"page":"4835-4845","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["IL-21 Deficiency Influences CD8 T Cell Quality and Recall Responses following an Acute Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"John S","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer T","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan J","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032412004294900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/369648a0","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-cell memory without antigen","volume":"369","author":"Lau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025032412004294900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80470-7","article-title":"Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection","volume":"8","author":"Murali-Krishna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032412004294900_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/90950","article-title":"Differential regulation of antiviral T-cell immunity results in stable CD8+ but declining CD4+ T-cell memory","volume":"7","author":"Homann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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