{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:05:21Z","timestamp":1790262321408,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Memory CD8 T cells persist by Ag-independent homeostatic proliferation. To examine the dynamics of this cell turnover, we transferred lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific memory CD8 T cells into naive mice and analyzed their in vivo division kinetics longitudinally in individual recipients.Using mathematical modeling, we determined that proliferation of this stably maintained memory CD8 T cell population was homogeneous and stochastic with a small fraction of cells completing division at any given time with an intermitotic interval of 50 d. This homeostatic turnover was comparable between memory CD8 T cells of different viral epitope specificities and also the total memory phenotype (CD44high) CD8 T cells. It is well established that CD4 T cell help is critical for maintenance of CD8 T cells during chronic infections, but recent studies have suggested that CD4 T cell help is also required for maintenance of memory CD8 T cells following acute infections. Hence, we assessed the role of CD4 T cells in Ag-independent maintenance of memory CD8 T cells. Consistent with previous reports, we found that memory CD8 T cells declined when transferred into MHC class II-deficient mice. However, their numbers were maintained stably when transferred into CD4 T cell-deficient mice. Interestingly, their homeostatic proliferation, ability to make recall responses, and phenotype were independent of CD4 T cell help because none of these qualities were affected when memory CD8 T cells were transferred and maintained in either MHC class II- or CD4-deficient recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]],"date-time":"2010-08-24T02:59:58Z","timestamp":1282618798000},"page":"3436-3444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Homeostatic Turnover of Virus-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells Occurs Stochastically and Is Independent of CD4 T Cell Help"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Daniel K","family":"Choo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaja","family":"Murali-Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Washington National Primate Center, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA 98195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rustom","family":"Anita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411560229100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.54","article-title":"Immunological memory and protective immunity: understanding their relation","volume":"272","author":"Ahmed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025032411560229100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.7.1241","article-title":"Differentiating between memory and effector CD8 T cells by altered expression of cell surface O-glycans","volume":"191","author":"Harrington","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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