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RALDH enzyme activity in lamina propria-derived CD103+ MLN-DCs did not depend on TLR signaling. Remarkably, RA itself could directly induce RALDH2 in both DCs and stromal cells in vitro. Furthermore, upon provision of a vitamin A-deficient diet, it was found that RA-mediated signaling was strongly reduced within the small intestines, while RALDH2 mRNA and RALDH enzyme activity in lamina propria DCs and MLN-DCs, as well as RALDH2 mRNA expression in MLN stromal cells, were strongly diminished. Moreover, supply of vitamin A to vitamin A-deficient mice restored RA-mediated signaling in the intestine and RALDH activity in lamina propria-derived CD103+ MLN-DCs. Our results show that RA-dependent signaling within the intestine is indispensable for RALDH activity in the draining MLN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T03:41:38Z","timestamp":1294717298000},"page":"1934-1942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Expression of Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes in Mucosal Dendritic Cells and Gut-Draining Lymph Node Stromal Cells Is Controlled by Dietary Vitamin A"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Rosalie","family":"Molenaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije University Medical Center , 1007 MB Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Knippenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije University Medical Center , 1007 MB Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gera","family":"Goverse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije University Medical Center , 1007 MB Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda J","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije University Medical Center , 1007 MB Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex F","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105 AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije University Medical Center , 1007 MB Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reina E","family":"Mebius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije University Medical Center , 1007 MB Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411065747600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.112730","article-title":"Vitamin A intake and status in populations facing economic stress","volume":"140","author":"West","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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