{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T16:35:20Z","timestamp":1773160520830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Broadly neutralizing Abs to HIV-1 are well described; however, identification of Ags that elicit these Abs has proven difficult. Persistent infection with GB virus type C (GBV-C) is associated with prolonged survival in HIV-1\u2013infected individuals, and among those without HIV-1 viremia, the presence of Ab to GBV-C glycoprotein E2 is also associated with survival. GBV-C E2 protein inhibits HIV-1 entry, and an antigenic peptide within E2 interferes with gp41-induced membrane perturbations in vitro, suggesting the possibility of structural mimicry between GBV-C E2 protein and HIV-1 particles. Naturally occurring human and experimentally induced GBV-C E2 Abs were examined for their ability to neutralize infectious HIV-1 particles and HIV-1\u2013enveloped pseudovirus particles. All GBV-C E2 Abs neutralized diverse isolates of HIV-1 with the exception of rabbit anti-peptide Abs raised against a synthetic GBV-C E2 peptide. Rabbit anti\u2013GBV-C E2 Abs neutralized HIV-1\u2013pseudotyped retrovirus particles but not HIV-1\u2013pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus particles, and E2 Abs immune-precipitated HIV-1 gag particles containing the vesicular stomatitis virus type G envelope, HIV-1 envelope, GBV-C envelope, or no viral envelope. The Abs did not neutralize or immune-precipitate mumps or yellow fever viruses. Rabbit GBV-C E2 Abs inhibited HIV attachment to cells but did not inhibit entry following attachment. Taken together, these data indicate that the GBV-C E2 protein has a structural motif that elicits Abs that cross-react with a cellular Ag present on retrovirus particles, independent of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The data provide evidence that a heterologous viral protein can induce HIV-1\u2013neutralizing Abs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]],"date-time":"2010-09-09T02:42:49Z","timestamp":1284000169000},"page":"4496-4505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["GB Virus Type C Envelope Protein E2 Elicits Antibodies That React with a Cellular Antigen on HIV-1 Particles and Neutralize Diverse HIV-1 Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Emma L","family":"Mohr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James H","family":"McLinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Montefiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Duke University , Durham, NC, 27708"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Klinzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack T","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411575900300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161000","article-title":"HIV vaccine research: the way forward","volume":"321","author":"Fauci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025032411575900300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0806162","article-title":"An HIV vaccine\u2014challenges and prospects","volume":"359","author":"Johnston","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. 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