{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:00:17Z","timestamp":1791597617830,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to microbial infection, induces changes in both innate and adaptive immunity that presumably lead to increased susceptibility to secondary infections, multiorgan failure, and death. Using a model of murine polymicrobial sepsis whose severity approximates human sepsis, we examined outcomes and defined requirements for survival after secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia or disseminated Listeria monocytogenes infection. We demonstrate that early after sepsis neutrophil numbers and function are decreased, whereas monocyte recruitment through the CCR2\/MCP-1 pathway and function are enhanced. Consequently, lethality to Pseudomonas pneumonia is increased early but not late after induction of sepsis. In contrast, lethality to listeriosis, whose eradication is dependent upon monocyte\/macrophage phagocytosis, is actually decreased both early and late after sepsis. Adaptive immunity plays little role in these secondary infectious responses. This study demonstrates that sepsis promotes selective early, impaired innate immune responses, primarily in neutrophils, that lead to a pathogen-specific, increased susceptibility to secondary infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,25]],"date-time":"2010-11-25T04:10:55Z","timestamp":1290658255000},"page":"195-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Sepsis Induces Early Alterations in Innate Immunity That Impact Mortality to Secondary Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Delano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Thayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Gabrilovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kindra M","family":"Kelly-Scumpia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Winfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip O","family":"Scumpia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex G","family":"Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M","family":"Wallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Wallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerri A","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reuben","family":"Ramphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Clare-Salzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A","family":"Efron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton E","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyle L","family":"Moldawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410543036100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care","volume":"29","author":"Angus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. 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