{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T12:39:03Z","timestamp":1758631143714,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neutrophils isolated from BALB\/c or C57BL\/6 mice and treated in vitro with anthrax lethal toxin release bioactive neutrophil elastase, a proinflammatory mediator of tissue destruction. Similarly, neutrophils isolated from mice treated with anthrax lethal toxin in vivo and cultured ex vivo release greater amounts of elastase than neutrophils from vehicle-treated controls. Direct measurements from murine intestinal tissue samples demonstrate an anthrax lethal toxin-dependent increase in neutrophil elastase activity in vivo as well. These findings correlate with marked lethal toxin-induced intestinal ulceration and bleeding in neutrophil elastase+\/+ animals, but not in neutrophil elastase\u2212\/\u2212 animals. Moreover, neutrophil elastase\u2212\/\u2212 mice have a significant survival advantage over neutrophil elastase+\/+ animals following exposure to anthrax lethal toxin, thereby establishing a key role for neutrophil elastase in mediating the deleterious effects of anthrax lethal toxin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]],"date-time":"2010-10-05T02:45:53Z","timestamp":1286246753000},"page":"5463-5467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neutrophil Elastase Mediates Pathogenic Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin in the Murine Intestinal Tract"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger D","family":"Auth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip J","family":"Snoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Frucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032412031984700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.140655","article-title":"Anthrax toxin","volume":"19","author":"Collier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. 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