{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:33:04Z","timestamp":1791282784194,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High expression of CXCR5 is one of the defining hallmarks of T follicular helper cells (TFH), a CD4 Th cell subset that promotes germinal center reactions and the selection and affinity maturation of B cells. CXCR5 is also expressed on 20\u201325% of peripheral blood human central memory CD4 T cells (TCM), although the definitive function of these cells is not fully understood. The constitutive expression of CXCR5 on TFH cells and a fraction of circulating TCM suggests that CXCR5+ TCM may represent a specialized subset of memory-type TFH cells programmed for homing to follicles and providing B cell help. To verify this assumption, we analyzed this cell population and show its specialized function in supporting humoral immune responses. Compared with their CXCR5\u2212 TCM counterparts, CXCR5+ TCM expressed high levels of the chemokine CXCL13 and efficiently induced plasma cell differentiation and Ig secretion. We found that the distinct B cell helper qualities of CXCR5+ TCM were mainly due to high ICOS expression and pronounced responsiveness to ICOS ligand costimulation together with large IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, B cell helper attributes of CXCR5+ TCM were almost exclusively acquired on cognate interaction with B cells, but not with dendritic cells. This implies that a preferential recruitment of circulating CXCR5+ TCM to CXCL13-rich B cell follicles is required for the promotion of a quick and efficient protective secondary humoral immune response. Taken together, we propose that CXCR5+ TCM represent a distinct memory cell subset specialized in supporting Ab-mediated immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]],"date-time":"2011-04-06T22:35:22Z","timestamp":1302129322000},"page":"5556-5568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":300,"title":["CXCR5 Expressing Human Central Memory CD4 T Cells and Their Relevance for Humoral Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine , 6500 Bellinzona ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology (Clayton), Monash University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Services , Clayton Victoria 3800 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jarrossay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine , 6500 Bellinzona ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle T","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy S","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology (Clayton), Monash University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Services , Clayton Victoria 3800 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Sallusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine , 6500 Bellinzona ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart G","family":"Tangye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, Level 5, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital , Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology (Clayton), Monash University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Services , Clayton Victoria 3800 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411260179600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.201","article-title":"T cell memory","volume":"16","author":"Dutton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. 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