{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:13:45Z","timestamp":1792858425263,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Pneumococci can be divided into &amp;gt;90 serotypes that show differences in the pathogenicity and invasiveness. We tested the hypotheses that the innate immune inflammasome pathway is involved in fighting pneumococcal pneumonia and that some invasive pneumococcal types are not recognized by this pathway. We show that human and murine mononuclear cells responded to S. pneumoniae expressing hemolytic pneumolysin by producing IL-1\u03b2. This IL-1\u03b2 production depended on the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Some serotype 1, serotype 8, and serotype 7F bacteria, which have previously been associated with increased invasiveness and with production of toxins with reduced hemolytic activity, or bacterial mutants lacking pneumolysin did not stimulate notable IL-1\u03b2 production. We further found that NLRP3 was beneficial for mice during pneumonia caused by pneumococci expressing hemolytic pneumolysin and was involved in cytokine production and maintenance of the pulmonary microvascular barrier. Overall, the inflammasome pathway is protective in pneumonia caused by pneumococci expressing hemolytic toxin but is not activated by clinically important pneumococcal sequence types causing invasive disease. The study indicates that a virulence factor polymorphism may substantially affect the recognition of bacteria by the innate immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,7]],"date-time":"2011-06-07T04:54:41Z","timestamp":1307422481000},"page":"434-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":234,"title":["The NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Differentially Activated by Pneumolysin Variants and Contributes to Host Defense in Pneumococcal Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Witzenrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Pache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Koppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitt","family":"Gutbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Tabeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Reppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolin","family":"Meixenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Dorhoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology , 10117 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Trendelenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 10117 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus M","family":"Heimesaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 12203 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bereswill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 12203 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , 52074 Aachen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Tschopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne , CH-1066 Epalinges ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Suttorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin , 10117 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410193824600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000081","article-title":"Pneumococcal serotypes and mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Harboe","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS 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