{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:51:59Z","timestamp":1791046319748,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Acute viral encephalitis requires rapid pathogen elimination without significant bystander tissue damage. In this article, we show that IL-10, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, is produced transiently at the peak of infection by CD8 T cells in the brains of coronavirus-infected mice. IL-10+CD8 and IL-10\u2212CD8 T cells interconvert during acute disease, possibly based on recent Ag exposure. Strikingly, IL-10+CD8 T cells were more highly activated and cytolytic than IL-10\u2212CD8 T cells, expressing greater levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as cytotoxic proteins. Even though these cells are highly proinflammatory, IL-10 expressed by these cells was functional. Furthermore, IL-10 produced by CD8 T cells diminished disease severity in mice with coronavirus-induced acute encephalitis, suggesting a self-regulatory mechanism that minimizes immunopathological changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,12]],"date-time":"2011-02-12T05:01:49Z","timestamp":1297486909000},"page":"3642-3652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Highly Activated Cytotoxic CD8 T Cells Express Protective IL-10 at the Peak of Coronavirus-Induced Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Trandem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Institute for Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411151857500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.11.5224-5231.1998","article-title":"Resident enteric bacteria are necessary for development of spontaneous colitis and immune system activation in interleukin-10-deficient mice","volume":"66","author":"Sellon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. 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