{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:22:10Z","timestamp":1784784130639,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pneumonic plague is one of the world\u2019s most deadly infectious diseases. The causative bacterium, Yersinia pestis, has the potential to be exploited as a biological weapon, and no vaccine is available. Vaccinating B cell-deficient mice with D27-pLpxL, a live attenuated Y. pestis strain, induces cell-mediated protection against lethal pulmonary Y. pestis challenge. In this article, we demonstrate that prime\/boost vaccination with D27-pLpxL confers better protection than prime-only vaccination. The improved survival does not result from enhanced bacterial clearance but is associated with increased levels of IL-17 mRNA and protein in the lungs of challenged mice. The boost also increases pulmonary numbers of IL-17\u2013producing CD4 T cells. Interestingly, most of these cells simultaneously produce canonical type 1 and type 17 cytokines; most produce IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1, and many produce IL-17, TNF-\u03b1, and IFN-\u03b3. Neutralizing IL-17 counteracts the improved survival associated with prime\/boost vaccination without significantly impacting bacterial burden. Thus, IL-17 appears to mediate the enhanced protection conferred by booster immunization. Although neutralizing IL-17 significantly reduces neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of mice challenged with Y. pestis, this impact is equally evident in mice that receive one or two immunizations with D27-pLpxL, suggesting it cannot suffice to account for the improved survival that results from booster immunization. We conclude that IL-17 plays a yet to be identified role in host defense that enhances protection against pulmonary Y. pestis challenge, and we suggest that pneumonic plague vaccines should aim to induce mixed type 1 and type 17 cellular responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,21]],"date-time":"2010-12-21T04:23:44Z","timestamp":1292905424000},"page":"1675-1684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["IL-17 Contributes to Cell-Mediated Defense against Pulmonary <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Jr-Shiuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence W","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank M","family":"Szaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T","family":"Smiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032411040646500_r1","volume-title":"Plague.","author":"Pollitzer","year":"1954"},{"key":"2025032411040646500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.35","article-title":"Yersinia pestis\u2014etiologic agent of plague","volume":"10","author":"Perry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. 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