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As this immune suppression also acts on unrelated third-party Ags, a preexisting helminth infection may interfere with vaccination efficacy. In this study, we show that natural infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis suppressed the humoral response to thymus-dependent but not to thymus-independent model Ags in C57BL\/6 mice. Thereby, we provide evidence that reduced humoral responses were mediated by interference with Th cell function rather than by direct suppression of B cells in L. sigmodontis-infected mice. We directly demonstrate suppression of Ag-specific proliferation in OVA-specific Th cells after adoptive transfer into L. sigmodontis-infected mice that led to equally reduced production of OVA-specific IgG. Transferred Th cells displayed increased frequencies of Foxp3+ after in vivo stimulation within infected but not within naive mice. Helminth-mediated suppression was induced by established L. sigmodontis infections but was completely independent of the individual worm burden. Using DEREG mice, we rule out a central role for host-derived regulatory T cells in the suppression of transferred Th cell proliferation. In contrast, we show that L. sigmodontis-induced, host-derived IL-10 mediated Foxp3 induction in transferred Th cells and significantly contributed to the observed Th cell hypoproliferation within infected mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1004136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,8]],"date-time":"2011-09-08T05:47:55Z","timestamp":1315460875000},"page":"4088-4099","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pathogenic Nematodes Suppress Humoral Responses to Third-Party Antigens In Vivo by IL-10\u2013Mediated Interference with Th Cell Function"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , 20359 Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Haben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , 20359 Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , 20359 Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , 20246 Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minka","family":"Breloer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , 20359 Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410393916400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x","article-title":"Helminth parasites\u2014masters of regulation","volume":"201","author":"Maizels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. 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