{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:53:02Z","timestamp":1791147182352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Identification of correlates of protection for infectious diseases including malaria is a major challenge and has become one of the main obstacles in developing effective vaccines. We investigated protection against liver-stage malaria conferred by vaccination with adenoviral (Ad) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing pre-erythrocytic malaria Ags. By classifying CD8+ T cells into effector, effector memory (TEM), and central memory subsets using CD62L and CD127 markers, we found striking differences in T cell memory generation. Although MVA induced accelerated central memory T cell generation, which could be efficiently boosted by subsequent Ad administration, it failed to protect against malaria. In contrast, Ad vectors, which permit persistent Ag delivery, elicit a prolonged effector T cell and TEM response that requires long intervals for an efficient boost. A preferential TEM phenotype was maintained in liver, blood, and spleen after Ad\/MVA prime\u2013boost regimens, and animals were protected against malaria sporozoite challenge. Blood CD8+ TEM cells correlated with protection against malaria liver-stage infection, assessed by estimation of number of parasites emerging from the liver into the blood. The protective ability of Ag-specific TEM cells was confirmed by transfer experiments into naive recipient mice. Thus, we identify persistent CD8 TEM populations as essential for vaccine-induced pre-erythrocytic protection against malaria, a finding that has important implications for vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,30]],"date-time":"2011-06-30T04:36:32Z","timestamp":1309408592000},"page":"1347-1357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["CD8+ T Effector Memory Cells Protect against Liver-Stage Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Arturo","family":"Reyes-Sandoval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H","family":"Wyllie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolis","family":"Bauza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Milicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily K","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine S","family":"Rollier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Center for Clinical Vaccine and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital , Oxford OX3 7LJ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian V S","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410241025800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03342","article-title":"The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"434","author":"Snow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025032410241025800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.05.033","article-title":"The RTS,S malaria vaccine","volume":"28","author":"Casares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025032410241025800_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1746","article-title":"Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines: towards greater efficacy","volume":"6","author":"Hill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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