{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:00:32Z","timestamp":1791104432063,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Leading hypotheses to explain helminth-mediated protection against autoimmunity postulate that type 2 or regulatory immune responses induced by helminth infections in the host limit pathogenic Th1-driven autoimmune responses. We tested these hypotheses by investigating whether infection with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis prevents diabetes onset in IL-4\u2013deficient NOD mice and whether depletion or absence of regulatory T cells, IL-10, or TGF-\u03b2 alters helminth-mediated protection. In contrast to IL-4\u2013competent NOD mice, IL-4\u2013deficient NOD mice failed to develop a type 2 shift in either cytokine or Ab production during L. sigmodontis infection. Despite the absence of a type 2 immune shift, infection of IL-4\u2013deficient NOD mice with L. sigmodontis prevented diabetes onset in all mice studied. Infections in immunocompetent and IL-4\u2013deficient NOD mice were accompanied by increases in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell frequencies and numbers, respectively, and helminth infection increased the proliferation of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. However, depletion of CD25+ cells in NOD mice or Foxp3+ T cells from splenocytes transferred into NOD.scid mice did not decrease helminth-mediated protection against diabetes onset. Continuous depletion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-\u03b2, but not blockade of IL-10 signaling, prevented the beneficial effect of helminth infection on diabetes. Changes in Th17 responses did not seem to play an important role in helminth-mediated protection against autoimmunity, because helminth infection was not associated with a decreased Th17 immune response. This study demonstrates that L. sigmodontis-mediated protection against diabetes in NOD mice is not dependent on the induction of a type 2 immune shift but does require TGF-\u03b2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]],"date-time":"2011-12-15T06:03:52Z","timestamp":1323929032000},"page":"559-568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Helminth Protection against Autoimmune Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Is Independent of a Type 2 Immune Shift and Requires TGF-\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Marc P","family":"H\u00fcbner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn , 53105 Bonn ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina N","family":"Torrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kateryna","family":"Soloviova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Gondorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn , 53105 Bonn ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Hoerauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn , 53105 Bonn ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin E","family":"Killoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Thomas","family":"Stocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin V","family":"Tarbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Mitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032409443237400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02958.x","article-title":"Inhibition of type 1 diabetes in filaria-infected non-obese diabetic mice is associated with a T helper type 2 shift and induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"127","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1999.00213.x","article-title":"Infection with Schistosoma mansoni prevents insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"21","author":"Cooke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21067","article-title":"Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Correale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324833","article-title":"Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in IL-10-deficient mice","volume":"34","author":"Elliott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247663.40297.2d","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"67","author":"Fleming","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.5931-5937.2002","article-title":"Intestinal nematode infection ameliorates experimental colitis in mice","volume":"70","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00664-06","article-title":"Inhibition of autoimmune type 1 diabetes by gastrointestinal helminth infection","volume":"75","author":"Saunders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.041749","article-title":"Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"Summers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.01.005","article-title":"Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Summers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.7.2142","article-title":"Reciprocal regulatory effects of IFN-gamma and IL-4 on the in vitro development of human Th1 and Th2 clones","volume":"148","author":"Maggi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3107127","article-title":"Interferon-gamma and B cell stimulatory factor-1 reciprocally regulate Ig isotype production","volume":"236","author":"Snapper","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5383","article-title":"Proteoglycan (aggrecan)-induced arthritis in BALB\/c mice is a Th1-type disease regulated by Th2 cytokines","volume":"163","author":"Finnegan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.9.1711","article-title":"Local delivery of interleukin 4 by retrovirus-transduced T lymphocytes ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"185","author":"Shaw","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11490","article-title":"Dendritic cells genetically engineered to express IL-4 inhibit murine collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"107","author":"Morita","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.1093","article-title":"Pancreatic expression of interleukin-4 abrogates insulitis and autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice","volume":"184","author":"Mueller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6107","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.9.6107","article-title":"The IL-4 receptor alpha-chain-binding cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, induce forkhead box P3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells from CD25-CD4+ precursors","volume":"175","author":"Skapenko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.03009.x","article-title":"Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: how might infection modulate the onset of type 1 diabetes?","volume":"126","author":"Cooke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.12.009","article-title":"Helminths as governors of immune-mediated inflammation","volume":"37","author":"Elliott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399408000720","article-title":"Therapeutic immunomodulators from nematode parasites","volume":"10","author":"Harnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000154944","article-title":"T-cell regulation in helminth parasite infections: implications for inflammatory diseases","volume":"94","author":"Maizels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg012","article-title":"Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by helminth ova immunization","volume":"15","author":"Sewell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:26:1:35","article-title":"Regulation of allergy and autoimmunity in helminth infection","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.4040","article-title":"Dynamics of pathogenic and suppressor T cells in autoimmune diabetes development","volume":"171","author":"Gregori","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7308","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.12.7308","article-title":"A sudden decline in active membrane-bound TGF-beta impairs both T regulatory cell function and protection against autoimmune diabetes","volume":"173","author":"Gregg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1700","article-title":"Functional waning of naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T-cells contributes to the onset of autoimmune diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Tritt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061631","article-title":"Dendritic cell-expanded, islet-specific CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ regulatory T cells restore normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice","volume":"204","author":"Tarbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040180","article-title":"CD25+ CD4+ T cells, expanded with dendritic cells presenting a single autoantigenic peptide, suppress autoimmune diabetes","volume":"199","author":"Tarbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4516","article-title":"Regulatory T cells prevent transfer of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice only when their antigen is present in vivo","volume":"181","author":"Tonkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/6.12.1927","article-title":"Transgenic expression of IL-10 in pancreatic islet A cells accelerates autoimmune insulitis and diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"6","author":"Moritani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1379","article-title":"Production of interleukin 10 by islet cells accelerates immune-mediated destruction of beta cells in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"179","author":"Wogensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1068","article-title":"Recombinant human IL-10 prevents the onset of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse","volume":"71","author":"Pennline","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2002.0599","article-title":"Expression of transgene encoded TGF-beta in islets prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by a local mechanism","volume":"19","author":"Grewal","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2992","article-title":"Abrogation of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice and protection against effector lymphocytes by transgenic paracrine TGF-beta1","volume":"102","author":"Moritani","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3950","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.8.3950","article-title":"TGF-beta1 somatic gene therapy prevents autoimmune disease in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"161","author":"Piccirillo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.05.009","article-title":"Litomosoides sigmodontis: a simple method to infect mice with L3 larvae obtained from the pleural space of recently infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus)","volume":"123","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101074","article-title":"Helminth secretions induce de novo T cell Foxp3 expression and regulatory function through the TGF-\u03b2 pathway","volume":"207","author":"Grainger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6287","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6287-6293.2004","article-title":"Interleukin-10 (IL-10) counterregulates IL-4-dependent effector mechanisms in Murine Filariasis","volume":"72","author":"Specht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1450-9","article-title":"The nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus generates the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)","volume":"105","author":"Korten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G385","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00049.2002","article-title":"Exposure to schistosome eggs protects mice from TNBS-induced colitis","volume":"284","author":"Elliott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r40","first-page":"987","article-title":"Effect of Schistosoma mansoni egg deposition on multiple low doses streptozotocin induced insulin dependent diabetes","volume":"32","author":"El-Wakil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4996","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.9.4996-5004.2003","article-title":"Schistosomiasis decreases central nervous system inflammation and alters the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"71","author":"La Flamme","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.47.8.1207","article-title":"Interleukin-4 deficiency does not exacerbate disease in NOD mice","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x","article-title":"Helminth parasites\u2014masters of regulation","volume":"201","author":"Maizels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00792.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation by filarial nematodes","volume":"27","author":"Hoerauf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6918","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.6918","article-title":"F4\/80+ alternatively activated macrophages control CD4+ T cell hyporesponsiveness at sites peripheral to filarial infection","volume":"176","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02546.x","article-title":"Diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice is not associated with quantitative changes in CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"121","author":"Mellanby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100209","article-title":"IL-2 reverses established type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by a local effect on pancreatic regulatory T cells","volume":"207","author":"Grinberg-Bleyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838871","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens induce Treg that participate in diabetes prevention in NOD mice","volume":"39","author":"Zaccone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5347","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01170-08","article-title":"Helminth infection can reduce insulitis and type 1 diabetes through CD25- and IL-10-independent mechanisms","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6603","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6603","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-induced type-1 diabetes in the NOD mouse is associated with a reduction of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"177","author":"Brode","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.11.6087","article-title":"Cutting edge: interactions through the IL-10 receptor regulate autoimmune diabetes","volume":"167","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001365","article-title":"Roles for TGF-beta and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 in regulatory T cell expansion and diabetes suppression by zymosan in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"185","author":"Burton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.07.025","article-title":"TGF-beta: a master of all T cell trades","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.7.963","article-title":"A defect in interleukin 12-induced activation and interferon gamma secretion of peripheral natural killer T cells in nonobese diabetic mice suggests new pathogenic mechanisms for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"190","author":"Falcone","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323910","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate the activity of the innate immune response and prevent onset of type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Zaccone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000359","article-title":"Identification of regulatory Foxp3+ invariant NKT cells induced by TGF-beta","volume":"185","author":"Monteiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6402","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.11.6402-6410.2000","article-title":"Identification of tgh-2, a filarial nematode homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans daf-7 and human transforming growth factor beta, expressed in microfilarial and adult stages of Brugia malayi","volume":"68","author":"Gomez-Escobar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1113","article-title":"Inhibition of Th17 cells regulates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"58","author":"Emamaullee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2006.3.72","article-title":"Th17 cells in inflammatory conditions","volume":"3","author":"Cooke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071878","article-title":"Innocuous IFNgamma induced by adjuvant-free antigen restores normoglycemia in NOD mice through inhibition of IL-17 production","volume":"205","author":"Jain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032409443237400_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37865","article-title":"Highly purified Th17 cells from BDC2.5NOD mice convert into Th1-like cells in NOD\/SCID recipient mice","volume":"119","author":"Bending","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/188\/2\/559\/61627905\/1100335.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/188\/2\/559\/61627905\/1100335.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T11:58:46Z","timestamp":1743076726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/188\/2\/559\/7979396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1100335","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}