{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:31:10Z","timestamp":1791322270089,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>T cell activation is controlled by incompletely defined opposing stimulation and suppression signals that together sustain the balance between optimal host defense against infection and peripheral tolerance. In this article, we explore the impacts of Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression in priming Ag-specific T cell activation under conditions of noninfection and infection. We find the transient ablation of Foxp3+ Tregs unleashes the robust expansion and activation of peptide-stimulated CD8+ T cells that provide protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection in an Ag-specific fashion. By contrast, Treg ablation had nonsignificant impacts on the CD8+ T cell response primed by infection with recombinant L. monocytogenes. Similarly, nonrecombinant L. monocytogenes administered with peptide stimulated the expansion and activation of CD8+ T cells that paralleled the response primed by Treg ablation. Interestingly, these adjuvant properties of L. monocytogenes did not require CD8+ T cell stimulation by IL-12 produced in response to infection, but instead were associated with sharp reductions in Foxp3+ Treg suppressive potency. Therefore, Foxp3+ Tregs impose critical barriers that, when overcome naturally during infection or artificially with ablation, allow the priming of protective Ag-specific CD8+ T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]],"date-time":"2011-08-02T04:23:08Z","timestamp":1312258988000},"page":"2569-2577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Impede the Priming of Protective CD8+ T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"James M","family":"Ertelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared H","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A","family":"Mysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charanjeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Roychowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijo N","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sing Sing","family":"Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis, MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410313667600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.02.013","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines as a third signal for T cell activation","volume":"22","author":"Curtsinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.07.001","article-title":"Inflaming the CD8+ T cell response","volume":"25","author":"Haring","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021910","article-title":"Signal 3 determines tolerance versus full activation of naive CD8 T cells: dissociating proliferation and development of effector function","volume":"197","author":"Curtsinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7640","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7640","article-title":"IL-21 promotes differentiation of naive CD8 T cells to a unique effector phenotype","volume":"178","author":"Casey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4465","article-title":"Type I IFNs provide a third signal to CD8 T cells to stimulate clonal expansion and differentiation","volume":"174","author":"Curtsinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03287.x","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-21-independent pathogen-specific CD8+ T-cell expansion, and IL-21-dependent suppression of CD4+ T-cell IL-17 production","volume":"131","author":"Ertelt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1112","article-title":"Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses","volume":"5","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.10.006","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and acquired immunity","volume":"16","author":"Pasare","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.11.005","article-title":"Triggering TLR signaling in vaccination","volume":"27","author":"van Duin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183021","article-title":"Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system","volume":"327","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863","article-title":"The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors","volume":"11","author":"Kawai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1181","article-title":"Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease","volume":"6","author":"Belkaid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2189","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and infection: a dangerous necessity","volume":"7","author":"Belkaid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1818","article-title":"Regulatory T cells exert checks and balances on self tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"11","author":"Wing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/83784","article-title":"Disruption of a new forkhead\/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse","volume":"27","author":"Brunkow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/ni909","article-title":"An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells","volume":"4","author":"Khattri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/ni904","article-title":"Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"4","author":"Fontenot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061852","article-title":"Selective depletion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induces a scurfy-like disease","volume":"204","author":"Lahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1428","article-title":"Regulatory T cells prevent catastrophic autoimmunity throughout the lifespan of mice","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078231","article-title":"Toll pathway-dependent blockade of CD4+CD25+ T cell-mediated suppression by dendritic cells","volume":"299","author":"Pasare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7249","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.12.7249","article-title":"Regulatory T cell suppression and anergy are differentially regulated by proinflammatory cytokines produced by TLR-activated dendritic cells","volume":"173","author":"Kubo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1113401","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 8-mediated reversal of CD4+ regulatory T cell function","volume":"309","author":"Peng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25439","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 controls expansion and function of regulatory T cells","volume":"116","author":"Sutmuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7048","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601554103","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 signaling modulates the functions of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.6.3797","article-title":"Attenuating regulatory T cell induction by TLR agonists through inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in dendritic cells enhances their efficacy as vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapeutics","volume":"180","author":"Jarnicki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.01.016","article-title":"Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3","volume":"22","author":"Fontenot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90169-4","article-title":"T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection","volume":"76","author":"Hogquist","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803484","article-title":"Programming for CD8 T cell memory development requires IL-12 or type I IFN","volume":"182","author":"Xiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth762","article-title":"A Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mediates cell lineage ablation after toxin administration","volume":"2","author":"Buch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.6.1317","article-title":"B lymphocyte-specific, Cre-mediated mutagenesis in mice","volume":"25","author":"Rickert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.8.1315","article-title":"Two roads diverged: interferon alpha\/beta- and interleukin 12-mediated pathways in promoting T cell interferon gamma responses during viral infection","volume":"189","author":"Cousens","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4498","article-title":"IL-12 and type-I IFN synergize for IFN-gamma production by CD4 T cells, whereas neither are required for IFN-gamma production by CD8 T cells after Listeria monocytogenes infection","volume":"178","author":"Way","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7553","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7553","article-title":"PDL-1 blockade impedes T cell expansion and protective immunity primed by attenuated Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"180","author":"Rowe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01584-07","article-title":"Characterization of murine dendritic cell line JAWS II and primary bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in Chlamydia muridarum antigen presentation and induction of protective immunity","volume":"76","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.984-993.2006","article-title":"Transfer of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells induces specific T-cell proliferation and a therapeutic effect against long-term Helicobacter pylori infection in mice","volume":"74","author":"Otsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1528","article-title":"Cutting edge: CD4 and CD8 T cells are intrinsically different in their proliferative responses","volume":"168","author":"Foulds","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.4.1459","article-title":"Role of hemolysin for the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"167","author":"Portnoy","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5260","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.10.5260","article-title":"Tolerant CD8 T cells induced by multiple injections of peptide antigen show impaired TCR signaling and altered proliferative responses in vitro and in vivo","volume":"161","author":"Dubois","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.1.261","article-title":"T cell priming versus T cell tolerance induced by synthetic peptides","volume":"182","author":"Aichele","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1461","article-title":"Immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"4","author":"Pamer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.8.3675","article-title":"A synthetic peptide administered with IL-12 elicits immunity to Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"159","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3863","article-title":"Critical roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proinflammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in mice","volume":"169","author":"Seki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28423","article-title":"Heat shock protein 60 enhances CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell function via innate TLR2 signaling","volume":"116","author":"Zanin-Zhorov","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021633","article-title":"Regulatory T cells selectively express toll-like receptors and are activated by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"197","author":"Caramalho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8051","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.12.8051","article-title":"Human CD4+ T cells express TLR5 and its ligand flagellin enhances the suppressive capacity and expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells","volume":"175","author":"Crellin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.04.010","article-title":"Mechanisms of foxp3+ T regulatory cell-mediated suppression","volume":"30","author":"Shevach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2343","article-title":"How regulatory T cells work","volume":"8","author":"Vignali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526024","article-title":"Distinct in vivo dendritic cell activation by live versus killed Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"35","author":"Muraille","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.2053","article-title":"Role of CD4 T cell help and costimulation in CD8 T cell responses during Listeria monocytogenes infection","volume":"170","author":"Shedlock","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062105","article-title":"Expansion and function of Foxp3-expressing T regulatory cells during tuberculosis","volume":"204","author":"Scott-Browne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155209","article-title":"Coordination of early protective immunity to viral infection by regulatory T cells","volume":"320","author":"Lund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science (New York, N. Y.)"},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7014","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901422","article-title":"Limited role of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the control of experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"183","author":"Steeg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001043","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001043","article-title":"Regulatory T cell suppressive potency dictates the balance between bacterial proliferation and clearance during persistent Salmonella infection","volume":"6","author":"Johanns","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7264","article-title":"Anti-CD25 antibody enhancement of vaccine-induced immunogenicity: increased durable cellular immunity with reduced immunodominance","volume":"175","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2107","article-title":"Antigen controls IL-7R alpha expression levels on CD8 T cells during full activation or tolerance induction","volume":"180","author":"Hammerbeck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2004.00360.x","article-title":"Characterization of flagellin expression and its role in Listeria monocytogenes infection and immunity","volume":"6","author":"Way","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030171","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ T cells regulate virus-specific primary and memory CD8+ T cell responses","volume":"198","author":"Suvas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2496","article-title":"Malaria parasites require TLR9 signaling for immune evasion by activating regulatory T cells","volume":"180","author":"Hisaeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025032410313667600_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01233-07","article-title":"Functional analysis of effector and regulatory T cells in a parasitic nematode infection","volume":"76","author":"Rausch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/187\/5\/2569\/61576358\/1100374.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/187\/5\/2569\/61576358\/1100374.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T03:34:51Z","timestamp":1743132891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/187\/5\/2569\/7974223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1100374","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]}}}