{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:54:36Z","timestamp":1762113276454,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It has been reported that brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes play critical roles in the clearance of West Nile virus (WNV) from the brains of mice. We characterized brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes by analyzing the TCR \u03b1- and \u03b2-chain repertoires, T cell clonality, and CDR3 sequences. CD3+CD8+ T cells were localized in the WNV-infected brains. The expression of CD3, CD8, CD25, CD69, perforin, and granzymes positively correlated with viral RNA levels, and high levels of expression of IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-2 were detected in the brains, suggesting that Th1-like cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are expanded in the brains in response to WNV infection. The brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes dominantly used TCR genes, VA1-1, VA2-1, VB5-2, and VB8-2, and exhibited a highly oligoclonal TCR repertoire. Interestingly, the brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes had different patterns of TCR repertoire usages among WNV-, Japanese encephalitis virus-, and tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected mice. Moreover, CD8+ T cells isolated from the brains of WNV-infected mice produced IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 after in vitro stimulation with peritoneal cells infected with WNV, but not with Japanese encephalitis virus. The results suggest that the infiltrating CD8+ T cells were WNV-specific, but not cross-reactive among flaviviruses. T cells from the WNV-infected brains exhibited identical or similar CDR3 sequences in TCR\u03b1 among tested mice, but somewhat diverse sequences in TCR\u03b2. The results indicate that WNV-specific CD3+CD8+ T cells expanding in the infected brains are highly oligoclonal, and they suggest that TCR \u03b1-chains play a dominant and critical role in Ag specificity of WNV-specific T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,10]],"date-time":"2011-09-10T04:37:59Z","timestamp":1315629479000},"page":"3919-3930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["High Clonality of Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes Defined by TCR Usage in the Brains of Mice Infected with West Nile Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Kitaura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization , Kanagawa 228-0815 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo 162-8640 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8575 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization , Kanagawa 228-0815 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo 162-8640 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Hayasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8523 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaji","family":"Matsutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Wakayama Medical University , Osaka, 567-0085 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization , Kanagawa 228-0815 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo 162-8640 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8575 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyo","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo 208-0011 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Kweng","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo 162-8640 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satsuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biological Science, Research Center for Odontology, Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo , Tokyo 102-8159 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Takasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo 162-8640 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization , Kanagawa 228-0815 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Kurane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo 162-8640 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8575 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410401482700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00009","article-title":"West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician","volume":"137","author":"Petersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. 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