{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:06:05Z","timestamp":1791443165189,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Allergic diseases, including asthma and food allergies, are an increasing health concern. Immunotherapy is an effective therapeutic approach for many allergic diseases but requires long dose escalation periods and has a high risk of adverse reactions, particularly in food allergy. New methods to safely induce Ag-specific tolerance could improve the clinical approach to allergic disease. We hypothesized that Ag-specific tolerance induced by the i.v. injection of Ags attached to the surface of syngeneic splenic leukocytes (Ag-coupled splenocytes [Ag-SPs]) with the chemical cross-linking agent ethylene-carbodiimide, which effectively modulate Th1\/Th17 diseases, may also safely and efficiently induce tolerance in Th2-mediated mouse models of allergic asthma and food allergy. Mice were tolerized with Ag-SP before or after initiation of OVA\/alum-induced allergic airway inflammation or peanut-induced food allergy. The effects on disease pathology and Th2-directed cytokine and Ab responses were studied. Ag-SP tolerance prevented disease development in both models and safely tolerized T cell responses in an Ag-specific manner in presensitized animals. Prophylactically, Ag-SP efficiently decreased local and systemic Th2 responses, eosinophilia, and Ag-specific IgE. Interestingly, Ag-SP induced Th2 tolerance was found to be partially dependent on the function of CD25+ regulatory T cells in the food allergy model, but was regulatory T cell independent in the model of allergic airway inflammation. We demonstrate that Ag-SP tolerance can be rapidly, safely, and efficiently induced in murine models of allergic disease, highlighting a potential new Ag-specific tolerance immunotherapy for Th2-associated allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]],"date-time":"2011-10-06T04:49:57Z","timestamp":1317876597000},"page":"5090-5098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Antigen-Fixed Leukocytes Tolerize Th2 Responses in Mouse Models of Allergy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Charles B","family":"Smarr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Lin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Bryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"},{"name":"Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410455638100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.5.2498","article-title":"Cytokine coexpression during human Th1\/Th2 cell differentiation: direct evidence for coordinated expression of Th2 cytokines","volume":"169","author":"Cousins","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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